1. 1 Dissemination Michael J. Levin Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Michael.levin@yahoo.com

2. 2 Dissemination topics I. Flow II. Types III. Media

3. 3 I.Flow of Dissemination First releases – within one month of the census First releases – within one month of the census First level geography tables First level geography tables Detailed tables – geography Detailed tables – geography Detailed tables – cross-tabulations Detailed tables – cross-tabulations First analytical report First analytical report Subsequent analytical reports Subsequent analytical reports PUMS PUMS

4. 4 II. Types of Dissemination 1. Frequencies (alone and by geography) 2. First-level cross-tabulations 3. Detailed cross-tabulations 4. Graphs * 5. Maps * 6. Indicators * 7. Results of direct and indirect techniques * 8. Other evaluation

5. 5 II-4. Population Pyramid

6. 6 II-4. Population Pyramid – two censuses

7. 7 II-4. Single Year of Age

8. 8 II-5. Maps

9. 9 II-6. Indicators: Age Reporting

10. 10 II-7. Own Children TFR estimates using Kenya Censuses: 1955-99

11. 11 II-7. TFRs by Wealth Quintiles, Kenya: 1975 to 1999

12. 12 II-7. TFR for Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda: 1985 to 2002

13. 13 II-7. TFR for Poorest, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda: 1985 to 2002

14. 14 II-7. ASFRs for 5 year periods, Kenya: 1985-89 to 1995-99

15. 15 III. Media of dissemination 1. Paper 2. CD/DVD/Flash drives 3. Internet – already prepared tables 4. Internet – user developed tables on demand 5. Public Use Microdata Sets (PUMS)

16. 16 III-1. Paper Traditional method – still important Traditional method – still important But movement is away from paper to electronic media But movement is away from paper to electronic media Summary tables Summary tables Basic tables – geography for variables Basic tables – geography for variables Basic tables – crosstabs for two or more variables Basic tables – crosstabs for two or more variables Graphs, maps, other analytical tools Graphs, maps, other analytical tools Detailed tables at low levels of geography Detailed tables at low levels of geography Detailed tables for small groups Detailed tables for small groups

17. 17 III-2. Compact disk/DVD/flash drives For large tables For large tables For low levels of geography For low levels of geography For selected variables – religion and ethnicity For selected variables – religion and ethnicity For small groups – sensitivity issues For small groups – sensitivity issues Direct dissemination -- watch confidentiality Direct dissemination -- watch confidentiality Electronic media in office for use on request Electronic media in office for use on request

18. 18 III-3. Internet dissemination Tables downloaded directly from the web Tables downloaded directly from the web Other forms of presentation stored – pyramids, graphs, maps, etc Other forms of presentation stored – pyramids, graphs, maps, etc Note: importance of media fitting on an A4 page Note: importance of media fitting on an A4 page

19. 19 III-4. Internet crosstabulations Model is US Census Bureau’s American Factfinder Model is US Census Bureau’s American Factfinder Computer makes takes described by the user – (1) geographic hierarchy, (2) columns, and (3) rows Computer makes takes described by the user – (1) geographic hierarchy, (2) columns, and (3) rows Limited to those items available Limited to those items available Confidentiality is maintained Confidentiality is maintained User cannot access micro-data User cannot access micro-data Next step: open use of micro-data online Next step: open use of micro-data online

20. 20 III-5. Public Use Micro-data Samples (PUMS) Provides users opportunity to develop own tables Provides users opportunity to develop own tables Provides users opportunity for statistical analysis Provides users opportunity for statistical analysis Provides users opportunity to test hypotheses Provides users opportunity to test hypotheses Does not provide detail for small groups and small areas Does not provide detail for small groups and small areas Consider size of one or more PUMS – 1 %, 5 %, 10 % or more Consider size of one or more PUMS – 1 %, 5 %, 10 % or more Consider confidentiality Consider confidentiality

21. 21 III-5. Disclosure Controls Example: Saint Lucia, 1991 Census 1. Restrict access to samples: 10% (13,405 persons) 2. Limit geographical detail (n<2,000): suppress region, district, town, settlement, enumeration district, school identification; retain urban-rural 3. Recode sparse categories (n<25)  “other”. » Type of dwelling: suppress townhouse, barracks » Land occupation: suppress sharecrop » And others » Ethnic origin: suppress Chinese, Portuguese, Syrian-Lebanese » Religion: suppress 6 categories » School, work mode of transport: bicycle » Occupation, industry, training code: reduce from 4 digits to 1/2/3 » And others

22. 22 III-5. Technical Disclosure Controls Example: Saint Lucia, 1991 4. Top-bottom code » Number of rooms: 10+ » Number of radios: 4+ » Age: 81+ » Age at first child: <= 14 » And others 5. Suppress: » date of birth, precise place of birth, type of work wanted 6. Migration: timing/place not identified in detail » Country last lived: suppress 37 categories » Year of immigration: <1948 7. Identify place of residence by major civil division (pop>20k, 60k, 100k, 250k, 1 million—i.e., national convention) » all suppressed 8. Suppress any sensitive variable requested by NSI: » none (as yet)

23. 23 III-5. Implementing IPUMS technical protocols using CSPro – Design

24. 24 III-5. Design – Some Pop Items

25. 25 III-5. Demonstration of Concept: