2. TOOTH FRACTURE & LUNG INJURIES Brianna Cox & James Coleman

4. ANATOMICAL LOCATION There are three levels of tooth fractures including locations: the tooth is broken down into many different levels and the fracture can be anywhere within the tooth based on the severity Ellis 1: Includes just the enamel of the tooth Ellis 2: Includes the enamel and dentin Ellis 3: Includes the enamel, dentin, and pulp of the tooth

6. CAUSES Tooth fractures are commonly seen within: -high intensity sports: two players running into each other, etc. -motor accidents -fights -sometimes freak accidents occur and the person is unsure how the fracture occurred

7. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS -Sensitivity to touch -Sensitivity to air and temperature -Discoloration -Chipped tooth -Cracked tooth -Pain

8. FACTS/STATISTICS -The National Youth Sports Foundation for the Prevention of Athletic Injuries, Inc. reports the most common type of injury sustained during participation in sports is orofacial -It is estimated by the American Dental Association that mouth guards prevent approximately 200,000 injuries each year in high school and collegiate football alone.

9. FACTS/STATISTICS CONT. -An estimated 50% of children sustain a dental injury before age 18 years; most children are aged 7-14 years at the time of injury. -Dental trauma has a male predominance of almost 2:1

10. CARE/TREATMENT/PREVENTION -Ellis 1 Fracture can treated by smoothing rough corners with drill by a dentist however the urgency of treatment is not severe -Ellis 2 Fracture can be treated by being completely dried out and then covered with dycal tooth paste to surround and protect the tooth -Ellis 3 Fracture can be treated by being covered with calcium hydroxide, however with due to excessive bleeding, the tooth needs wrapped with aluminum foil to trap in fluid -The dentist may provide patient with medication such as anti-inflammatory, and pain reducers -Finally, the patient may need follow up appointments to make sure the fractures heals well

11. LUNG INJURIES

12. ANATOMY OF THE LUNGS The chest contains two lungs, one lung on the right side of the chest, the other on the left side of the chest. Each lung is made up of sections called lobes. The purposes of the lungs are to bring oxygen into the body and to remove carbon dioxide.

13. CAUSES OF LUNG INJURIES Smoking A rupture of a cyst or a small sac (bleb) on the surface of the lung. Infection is one of the most common causes of acute lung injury.

14. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF LUNG INJURIES Symptoms of a pneumothorax include chest pain that usually has a sudden onset. The pain is sharp and may lead to feelings of tightness in the chest. Rapid heart rate and rapid breathing

15. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF LUNG INJURIES CONT. Severe oxygenation defect Shortness of breath, cough, and fatigue Low oxygen saturation

16. FACTS/STATISTICS Acute lung injury (TRALI), is considered the most serious lung injury The incidence of ALI in the United States was reported to be 78.9/100,000 persons per year The mortality rate is approximately 40% When first described 40 years ago, mortality from ALI was approximately 60%.

17. CARE/TREATMENT/PREVENTION Not all pneumothorax needs immediate treatment in order for it to become non-existent. Sometimes the best treatment would be simple rest. Cell-based therapy is a promising, novel treatment for ALI. Treatment may include insertion of a chest tube or aspiration of the free air in the chest cavity.

18. SOURCES FOR PICTURES http://www.breathmatters.org/what-is-copd-lung-disease.php http://www.abc.net.au/health/library/stories/2010/07/29/2967396.htm http://www.fairview.org/healthlibrary/Article/116425EN http://www.bjmp.org/content/acute-lung-injury-and-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-review-article http://intensivecare.hsnet.nsw.gov.au/five/images/pneumothorax_3.jpg http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/82755-overview http://www.bitein.com/dstep03.htm http://www.bryancarlindmd.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/carlindental-tooth-anatomy.jpg http://www.bhbdental.co.nz/Topics/General+Oral+Health/Tooth+Grinding+Bruxism.html http://www.hjpetroffdds.com/uncategorized/83-dental-injuries-are-one-of-the-most-common-sports-related- injury.htmlhttp://www.hjpetroffdds.com/uncategorized/83-dental-injuries-are-one-of-the-most-common-sports-related- injury.html http://www.deardoctor.com/images/ddwc/features/trauma-and-nerve-dam:age-to-teeth/trauma-and-nerve- damage-350.jpghttp://www.deardoctor.com/images/ddwc/features/trauma-and-nerve-dam:age-to-teeth/trauma-and-nerve- damage-350.jpg http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/82755-overview http://joysinmylife.blogspot.com/2012/01/tommy-chipped-tooth.html