32. Cyclospora Previous underestimate of foodborne illness attributed to parasites: lack of effective monitoring. Underdeveloped scientifically: cannot culture most parasites and lack of natural models. Cyclospora, like Cryptosporidium, cannot be grown in the lab Cyclospora outbreaks highlight the role of international food distribution and the emergence of previously unknown pathogens CDC says that are 15,000 cases of Cyclospora annually

33. Cyclosporiasis and Raspberries Outbreaks in 1995, 1996, 1997, and 2000 (Canada) associated with Guatemala raspberries Last 1980s USAID pushed Guatemala after their civil war to grow raspberries for U.S. markets First bushes went in 1988-1989, first years birds were “berry naïve”, then they started to eat a lot of them Where is the Cyclospora coming from? What is the reservoir? 1) contaminated irrigation or washing water 2) birds…birds come to eat the raspberries and poop Cyclospora is related to Eimeria (chicken coccidious) Raspberries have tiny hairs, nearly impossible to wash