2.  Write the Section Header “Particular Properties” in your notebook.  Update your Table of Contents with the correct page number.  Learning Target: I can examine the properties of different substances to sort them into categories based on likenesses and differences.

3.  In each group: We are going to divide the tests into four groups: 1) Appearance and hardness 2) Relative Solubility (of liquids and of solids) 3) Melting Point 4) Conductivity Each person pick one of the Protocols on pages 108-109. Draw a step-by-step “cartoon” of your test(s). This will serve as your procedure. Make sure to note any safety issues! The person that drew the cartoon is the expert for that test – do what they say! This person is called the “Test Leader” for that experiment. If you only have three people, one person should do the Appearance/Relative Hardness test AND another of their choice.

4.  We will be using a camp stove to determine relative melting points.  Long hair and loose clothing must be tied back.  Do NOT operate the stove without an adult present. Anybody who is horsing around and not following directions will be removed from class with a detention and 0 for the lab.  When you are done with your investigation, you must clean all your materials and return them to the kits.  You must clean up your lab station.  You must “check out” with me before leaving the lab. I will check your materials and station to make sure that they are returned to their starting condition.

5. Paraffin Melting Test: We will “DEMO” this instead of having each group test it… cleaning the test tubes is a pain in the neck! :)

6. Epsom salt is NOT table salt! It is actually Magnesium sulfate, a compound containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen. It is MgSO 4. Kosher vs Table salt: Chemically there is little difference between kitchen salts. Both are at least 97% NaCl. But there are significant differences in the way they are made! Table salt is mined from underground salt deposits, and includes a small portion of calcium silicate to prevent clumping. Because of its fine grain a single teaspoon of table salt contains more salt than a tablespoon of kosher or sea salt. Kosher salt contains no preservatives and is often derived from seawater. It is particularly useful in preserving, because its large crystals draw moisture out of meats and other foods more effectively than other salts. !

7. The Rest of the Tests  Complete the remainder of the tests in any order you choose.  Follow the instructions of the “Test Leader” for each test.

9.  Categorize: try to make categories for your compounds. Can you find any patterns or trends???  Compare categories with other teams…try to come up with at least one “statement” that relates a category to conductivity.  Be awesome and save the world  CATEGORIZATION: don’t do it with people, but do it with this stuff

10. Group Discussion Time In your table group, pick ONE categorization Present it to the class! CompoundAppearanceHardness Cond (as solid) Solubility in water Cond (as a liquid/sol.) Melting Point Aspirin White powder SoftnoPartiallyWeakLow Cornstarch White powder SoftNoPartiallyWeakLow De-icer White crystal HardNoYesStrongHigh Epsom salts White crystal HardNoYesStrongHigh Paraffin opaqueSoftNo N/ALow Sugar White crystal HardNoYesNoMedium Salt White crystal HardNoYesStrongHigh Vitamin c White powder HardNopartiallyWeakLow vinegarClear liquidN/ANoN/AweakN/A

11.  Solid Sodium Chloride - Conductor, or Not??? Solid Sodium Chloride - Conductor, or Not???

12.  Reflect/Connect: Reflect and Connect, p. 107-108, # 1-3

13.  Read “Electrical Conductivity”, p 110-111 Take notes as you go along. Anything in this section is “test-able”… do you feel comfortable that you took enough notes as you read???