1. The Byzantine Empire and Orthodox Europe
Chapter Nine
Unit Two/AP World History
Ms. Tully

2. Christendom – Third Wave Civilization
Enjoyed global popularity in 6th/7th C
Global contraction  European phenomenon
Common culture/religion for Europe  spread North
Great Schism of 1054
Series of contractions & expansions

3. Building on the Roman Past
Byzantium  Constantinople 330 C.E.
Division of Eastern/Western Roman Empire  Division of Eastern/Western Europe
East wealthier, stronger  Byzantine Empire
Conscious preservation of Greco-Roman past
Hellenism + Roman Empire + Christianity = Byzantine Empire

4. The Byzantine Empire
High levels of political, economic, cultural activity from C.E.
Center for interregional trade
Frequent Invasions & Conflicts
Greek instead of Latin
Eastern Orthodox Christianity

5. Justinian (r )
Most significant ruler  desire to restore Roman glory
Heavily influenced by his wife Theodora
Codificiation of Roman Law
Renovation of Constantinople  Hagia Sophia
Reconquered western land  weakened empire

6. Byzantine Empire under Justinian

7. Hagia Sophia

8. Byzantine Politics Centralized authority in Constantinople
Emperor head of state and church  casearopapsim
Elaborate centralized bureaucracy
Roman style military
State-controlled economy
Primary concern defense against Islamic invaders
Empire’s strength/size reduced

9. The Split Between Eastern & Western Christianity
Fundamental differences from start
New doctrinal issues emerge
1054 – Mutual excommunication (Patriarch and Pope Leo IX)
Great Schism  Church splits into two traditions: Greek/Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism

10. Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Emperor also “Patriarch” of Orthodox church
Networks of bishops and monasteries
Numerous churches, iconography
Spread to Balkans, Russia

11. The Decline of the Byzantine Empire
Decline begins after 1054 (Schism)
1071: Battle of Manzikert - Seljuk Turks take territory
Emergence of independent Slavic kingdoms in Balkans
1204: Western Crusaders sack Constantinople
1453: Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks

12. The Spread of Civilization in Eastern Europe
Slavic language & culture dominated Eastern EU
Orthodox Missionaries – Cyril & Methodius (864 CE)
Conflict between Catholicism and Orthodoxy
Large influx of Jews

13. The Emergence of the Kievan Rus’
Scandanavian trade routes develop in 6th/7th C
Formation of Kievan Rus’ 855 Kiev
Vladimir I converted kingdom to Christianity  Formation of Russian Orthodox Church

14. Trade Routes

15. Politics and Religion in Kievan Rus’
Largest single state in Europe
Yaroslav – Last great Kievan prince
Byzantine influence – court spectacle, luxury/ceremony, church traditions
Religious influence in art – icons, illuminated manuscripts, literature
Rise of boyars (aristocrats)

16. Kievan Decline Decline began in 12th C Influenced by Byzantine decline
Mongol Invasions ( ) & ( )  Tartars
Orthodox Christianity & Russian culture remain  Third Rome

17. Global Connections Byzantine Empire
Participated actively in interregional trade
Constantinople: great trading city, connection between East and West
Maintained strong empire despite rapid surge of Islam, as well as developing cultural innovations and Orthodox Christianity
Kievan Rus’
Dependent on Byzantium as main trading connection
Period of decline and isolation when Byzantium declines and Mongols invade
East cut off from western contacts, which stifles economic, political, and cultural growth. This will occur just as the West will begin to grow and strengthen.

18. Discussion questions
In what respects did Byzantium continue the patterns of the classical Roman Empire? In what ways did it diverge from those patterns?
How did Eastern Orthodox Christianity differ from Roman Catholicism?
In what ways was the Byzantine Empire linked to a wider world? Consider political, cultural, economic connections.