1. 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt 2pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt Nucleic Acids Mitosis and Meiosis Potpourri Cell Structure and Function Photosynth. and Cell Resp.

2. What structure on a DNA molecule is cut by helicase?

3. Hydrogen bonds holding the strands together.

4. Which type of mutation codes for a stop codon being coded for instead of the original amino acid?

5. Nonsense mutation

6. Name and Describe the levels of protein organization.

7. Primary = amino acid sequence determined by the DNA sequence Secondary = alpha helices and beta pleated sheets Tertiary = when the secondary structures are folded upon themselves Quatenary = when 2 or more polypeptide chains interact with each other.

8. how do we alter mRNA when we process it? Which type of cells do this?

9. We add a 5’ cap and a poly-A tail and splice it with a spliceosome. Eukaryotic cells do this.

10. Describe the experiment Griffith performed.

11. Griffith looked at transformation. He studied how non-pathogenic bacteria can be transformed into pathogenic bacteria. It was later determined that the transformation factor was DNA.

12. How does Mitosis differ in plants and animals?

13. A cell plate forms in a plant cell from deposits by the golgi apparatus in plant cells

14. Sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell when?

15. Anaphase of Mitosis and anaphase II of Meiosis II

16. What is the longest phase of the meiosis?

17. Prophase I

18. The amount of chromosomes at anaphase II is what compared to the amount at anaphase I?

19. Half

20. How would crossing over not result in genetic variation?

21. If the sections that are being exchanged are identical

22. Which kind of transport requires the addition of energy?

23. Active Transport

24. What is the chemical formula for a carboxyl group? A methyl group?

25. COOH, CH3

26. How does the sodium potassium pump work?

27. It pumps out 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell.

28. How are GTP and ATP similar? What can you determine from this?

29. They both phosphorylate, they can be used to activate other molecules. Since they have similar functions, they probably have similar structures.

30. What is density dependent inhibition? When it fails, what results?

31. When cells become too crowded the glycoproteins interact with those of other cells and turn division off. Cancer

32. Which type of microscope would you use to visualize the 3D structure of a flagella?

33. SEM

34. You place a red blood cell into a dish of fresh water, what do you expect to happen to the cell?

35. lyse

36. Which organelle Controls the production of proteins in the cell?

37. Nucleus

38. What is meant by the term ‘fluid mosaic’?

39. The cell membrane is made out of multiple molecules, and they have the ability to move.

40. Follow the path through the endomembrane system of a lipid that is destined to be in the vacuole.

41. ER (where it is made) to the golgi (where it is sorted, modified, and packaged) using a glycoprotein on a vesicle,to the vacuole in a vesicle tagged with a glycoprotein

42. If a plant cell appears to be blueish purple, what wavelength(s) of light is not being utilized?

43. Blue and purple

44. What is the specific process that releases oxygen from a plant cell

45. Light dependent reaction or light cycle

46. Which stage of cellular respiration releases CO2?

47. Krebs cycle

48. Which process occurs in both aerobic and anerobic respiration

49. Glycolysis

50. C4 and CAM plants avoid which process by fixing carbon in an alternative process.

51. photorespiration