1. Cell Junctions, Cell Adhesion, and the Extracellular Matrix

4. The role of tight junction

8. Anchoring junction

11. Adherens junction

14. Desmosomes

15. Focal adhesions

16. Desmosomes and Hemidesmosomes

18. Gap junction channel

19. Gap junctions

21. Gap junction coupling in the ovarian follicle

22. The regulation of gap-junction coupling by a neurotransmitter

25. Cell-Cell Adhesion Three mechanisms of cell-cell adhesion

29. The structure and function of cadherins

31. Cadherin-dependent cell sorting

32. Cadherin diversity in the CNS

33. The linkage of classical cadherins to actin filaments

34. The structure and function of selectins

35. The cell adhesion protein N-CAM

38. The connective tissue underlying an epithelium

41. The repeating disaccharide sequence of a dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain

42. The relative dimensions and volumes occupied by various macromolicules

43. The repeating disaccharide sequence in hyaluronan

45. The linkage between a GAG chain and its core protein in proteoglycan molecule

46. Examples of proteoglycan

47. An aggrecan

49. Structure of a typical collagen molecule

54. Type IX collagen

55. Stretching a network of elastin molecules

57. The structure of fibronectin dimer

58. The structure of laminin

60. Three ways in which basal laminae are organized

62. The molecular structure of a basal lamina

63. The comparative shapes and sizes of some of the major ECM macromolecules

66. The ECM can influence cell shape, cell survival, and cell proliferation

67. Anchorage dependence and the importance of cell spreading

68. The degradation of matrix components Slow and continuous turnover of ECM Matrix metalloproteases Serine protease Controlled, specific degradation -> important to cell migration *Clear a path through matrix *Expose cryptic sites that promote cell binding, cell migration *Promote cell detachment *Release signal proteins that stimulate cell migration Tightly controlled Local activation; plasminogen activator activates inactive plasminogen to plasmin Confinement by cell-surface receptor; urokinase-type plasminogen activator Secretion of inhibitor; tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases, serpins

69. The importance of proteases bound to cell-surface receptors

70. The structure of an integrin receptor

72. The regulation of the extracellular binding activity of a cell’s integrins from within

73. Excessive numbers of focal adhesions in FAK-deficient fibroblasts

74. Matrix-dependent cell survival in the formation of the proamniotic cavity