1. THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN WORLD Medieval Legacies & The Renaissance

2. 20 th Century Europe

3. 14 th Century Europe

4. 1. 14 th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is…

5. 14 th Century Europe 1. 14 th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is…  Hierarchy of people in society determined by economic, political, & cultural traits.  What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society?  What does it mean by “economic”?

6. 14 th Century Europe 1. 14 th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is…  Hierarchy of people in society determined by economic, political, & cultural traits.  What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society?  What does it mean by “economic”? Money, trade, business, markets, supply/demand.  What does it mean by “political”?

7. 14 th Century Europe 1. 14 th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is…  Hierarchy of people in society determined by economic, political, & cultural traits.  What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society?  What does it mean by “economic”? Money, trade, business, markets, supply/demand.  What does it mean by “political”? GOV, officials, policies, laws, rights, elections.  What does it mean by “cultural”?

8. 14 th Century Europe 1. 14 th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is…  Hierarchy of people in society determined by economic, political, & cultural traits.  What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society?  What does it mean by “economic”? Money, trade, business, markets, supply/demand.  What does it mean by “political”? GOV, officials, policies, laws, rights, elections.  What does it mean by “cultural”? Social values, beliefs, norms, traditions, practices.

9. 14 th Century Europe The four (4) main classes in 14 th Century Europe from top to bottom were…

10. 14 th Century Europe The four (4) main classes in 14 th Century Europe from top to bottom were…  Nobles,  Clergy,  Merchants,  Peasants.

11. Nobles Political Features:  Ran GOV/military.  Titles were hereditary.  Passed down from generations.  Had most political power.

12. Nobles Economic Features:  Ran large farming estates.  Had little economic power. Cultural Features:  Upper Class (elites) w/ little education.

13. Clergy Political Features:  Ran Catholic Church.  Used in GOV as advisors.  Had most spiritual power.

14. Clergy Economic Features:  Ran large farming estates.  Had little economic power. Cultural Features:  Fluid group (in all levels of society) & highly educated.

15. Merchants Political Features:  Used in GOV as advisors.  Held little political power. Economic Features:  Controlled trade, banking, markets.  Had most economic power.

16. Merchants Cultural Features:  Middle Class (not poor, but no titles).  Highly educated & cultured.

17. Peasants Political Features:  Had no power & no rights.  Controlled by nobility & clergy.

18. Peasants Economic Features:  Worked on farming estates for little or no pay.  Had most economic power. Cultural Features:  Lower Class w/ no education.  Tied to the land & often rioted/revolted.

19. Religion 1. 14 th Century Europe was defined by religion. What is religion?

20. Religion 1. 14 th Century Europe was defined by religion. What is religion?  Religion, like politics or economics, is an ideology.  Set of beliefs that a group of people follow.  What were the four main religions in 14 th Century Europe?

21. Religion 1. 14 th Century Europe was defined by religion. What is religion?  Religion, like politics or economics, is an ideology.  Set of beliefs that a group of people follow.  What were the four main religions in 14 th Century Europe?  Catholicism,  Orthodoxy,  Islam,  Judaism.

22. Catholicism Characteristics:  Dominant in W. Europe.  Led by the Pope.  Any famous Catholics we might know of?

23. Orthodoxy Characteristics:  Dominant in E. Europe.  Divided by ethnic groups.  Any famous Orthodox Christians we might know of?

24. Islam Characteristics:  Dominant in Middle East, Asia, & Africa.  Sunni & Shiite groups.  Focus on Koran & Mohammad, Five Pillars of Islam.  Any famous Muslims we might know of?

25. Judaism Characteristics:  Spread to Europe, Middle East, & N. America.  Focus on Old Testament & Talmud/Torah.  Persecuted by several religious groups.  Any famous Jewish Americans we might know of?

26. Religions Breakdown

27. The Renaissance (1330-1530) 1. The Age of the Renaissance has often been described as…

28. The Renaissance (1330-1530) 1. The Renaissance has often been described as…  A time of rebirth in the study of Greek & Roman culture, art, architecture, literature, & learning.  The Renaissance…

29. The Renaissance (1330-1530) 1. The Renaissance has often been described as…  A time of rebirth in the study of Greek & Roman culture, art, architecture, literature, & learning.  The Renaissance…  Began in Italy in after the Black Death.  Ended Medieval Era & began Modern Era.  Focused more on humanity than religion.

30. The Renaissance (1330-1530) 2. The Black Death…  What was it?  What were its symptoms?  How did it spread?  What places did it afflict?

31. The Renaissance (1330-1530) 2. The Black Death…  What was it?  What were its symptoms?  How did it spread?  What places did it afflict?  It is important for the beginning of the Renaissance as the Bubonic Plague devastated most of Europe for decades except for Italy.  This left Italy as the only place that could support the Renaissance, but did not start it. Where did the disease spread from/to? Which areas were most/least affected? Explain the varying degrees of infection?

32. The Renaissance (1330-1530) 3. The four (4) main causes of the Renaissance were…

33. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Italy was divided into city- states.  A city-state is an independent city controlling its surrounding land.  Italy was a divided country w/o a king or a central GOV.

34. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Italy was divided into city- states.  A city-state is an independent city controlling its surrounding land.  Italy was a divided country w/o a king or a central GOV.  This allowed for a variety of artistic thought & expression.  Each city-state created pieces of art in their own way.  The downside was the lack of a common defense vs. outsiders.  If a foreign power played city-states off one another, Italy would fall.

35. The Renaissance (1330-1530) City-states were run by merchants & bankers.  Merchants focused on trade, luxurious living, & art.  European kings focused on war, territory, & politics.

36. The Renaissance (1330-1530) City-states were run by merchants & bankers.  Merchants focused on trade, luxurious living, & art.  European kings focused on war, territory, & politics.  Merchants had extra income for art & artists.  Money attracted scholars & artists to Italy; the rest of Europe only had farmland.  The downside was if they ran out of money, then the Renaissance would end.

37. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Merchants were rich from the Spice Trade w/ Asia.  The Spice Trade was the trade of luxury goods between Europe & Asia.  Spices, silk, perfumes, porcelain.

38. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Merchants were rich from the Spice Trade w/ Asia.  The Spice Trade was the trade of luxury goods between Europe & Asia.  Spices, silk, perfumes, porcelain.  Merchants traded across known land/sea routes w/ Italy as a warehouse for goods.  Italy was rich as long as the Spice Trade remained unblocked.  Which routes are by land & which are by sea?  How could you block the Spice Trade?

39. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Italians discovered Greco- Roman writings.  Greco-Roman culture was lost in the West (500’s AD), but survived in the East (Greece).

40. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Italians discovered Greco- Roman writings.  Greco-Roman culture was lost in the West (500’s AD), but survived in the East (Greece).  In the 1300’s, the Ottoman Empire invaded Greece forcing Greek scholars to flee to Italy.

41. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Italians discovered Greco- Roman writings.  Greco-Roman culture was lost in the West (500’s AD), but survived in the East (Greece).  In the 1300’s, the Ottoman Empire invaded Greece forcing Greek scholars to flee to Italy.  This migration from Greece allowed Italian scholars & merchants to study Classical works.  Hence the rebirth of Classical culture.  In essence, Greco-Roman culture was so old that it became new again. Any examples of something old becoming new & hip again?

42. The Renaissance (1330-1530) 4. Italian merchants & intellectuals created three new principles that defined the new movement and acted as guidelines for philosophy, art, architecture, & literature. These principles were…

43. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Humanism:  Study of & focus on human potential, glory, & understanding by modeling Classical culture.

44. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Humanism:  Study of & focus on human potential, glory, & understanding by modeling Classical culture.  It acted as a curriculum for education for elite sons.  Rhetoric, arithmetic, grammar, geometry, & astronomy.  W/ education a man could develop his limitless potential.  This was the key to being respected & influential in this society. W/o it, you were no one.

45. Renaissance Humanism focused on… Medieval Christianity focused on… Human nature to understand God & Nature. The Renaissance (1330-1530)

46. Renaissance Humanism focused on… Medieval Christianity focused on… Human nature to understand God & Nature. Humanism & Ancient texts for inspiration & education. Studying God to understand humans & Nature. The Renaissance (1330-1530)

47. Renaissance Humanism focused on… Medieval Christianity focused on… Human nature to understand God & Nature. Humanism & Ancient texts for inspiration & education. Human potential & dignity. Studying God to understand humans & Nature. Christian virtues & the Bible for inspiration & education. The Renaissance (1330-1530)

48. Renaissance Humanism focused on… Medieval Christianity focused on… Human nature to understand God & Nature. Humanism & Ancient texts for inspiration & education. Human potential & dignity. Living a life modeled after Classical values & desires. Studying God to understand humans & Nature. Christian virtues & the Bible for inspiration & education. Christian humility & giving all glory to God. The Renaissance (1330-1530)

49. Renaissance Humanism focused on… Medieval Christianity focused on… Human nature to understand God & Nature. Humanism & Ancient texts for inspiration & education. Human potential & dignity. Living a life modeled after Classical values & desires. Studying God to understand humans & Nature. Christian virtues & the Bible for inspiration & education. Christian humility & giving all glory to God. Life as painful pilgrimage to God. The Renaissance (1330-1530) What comparisons do we see between Medieval & Renaissance ideas?

50. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Individualism:  Study of & focus on humans as individuals, developing all aspects of a one’s life.

51. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Individualism:  Study of & focus on humans as individuals, developing all aspects of a one’s life.  It emphasized the idea of personal success over the community’s.  Once educated in a Humanistic school, a man sought to gain personal greatness & develop as many talents as he could.

52. Baldassare Castiglione Niccolo Machiavelli The Renaissance (1330-1530)

53. Baldassare Castiglione The Renaissance (1330-1530) Wrote The Courtier.  Guide to be a Civilized Man.  Taught young men how to act in all social situations.  This idea became known as a Renaissance Man.  This means to be a master of many skills. Dancing, wrestling, music, war, arts, math, poetry, hunting, civic duty, oration.

54. Baldassare Castiglione The Renaissance (1330-1530) Wrote The Courtier.  Guide to be a Civilized Man.  Taught young men how to act in all social situations.  This idea became known as a Renaissance Man.  This means to be a master of many skills. Dancing, wrestling, music, war, arts, math, poetry, hunting, civic duty, oration. What skills does a person need to be a “Renaissance Man/Woman” today? Why? What skills does a high school student need to be a “Renaissance Man/Woman” in GRC? Explain who might be a Renaissance Man/Woman in your life. What comparisons came we draw between necessary Renaissance skills & modern skills?

55. Niccolo Machiavelli The Renaissance (1330-1530) Wrote The Prince.  Guide to Politics & GOV.  Taught young men how to take & maintain authority in all situations.  Basic ideas…

56. Niccolo Machiavelli The Renaissance (1330-1530) Wrote The Prince.  Guide to Politics & GOV.  Taught young men how to take & maintain authority in all situations.  Basic ideas: GOV does not follow morality or religion, GOV is good when effective, be both a fox & a lion.  What does all this mean?

57. Niccolo Machiavelli The Renaissance (1330-1530) Wrote The Prince.  Guide to Politics & GOV.  Taught young men how to take & maintain authority in all situations.  Basic ideas: GOV does not follow morality or religion, GOV is good when effective, be both a fox & a lion.  What does all this mean? Let’s answer a few questions about leadership & then Machiavelli. In preparation for the ACT, we will now read an excerpt from The Prince & answer ten (10) questions about the passage. We will go other this in 10 minutes.

58. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Secularism:  Study of & focus on the material (secular) world more than the spiritual world.

59. The Renaissance (1330-1530) Secularism:  Study of & focus on the material (secular) world more than the spiritual world.  It advocated living in the here & now, as well as you can.  When developing your skill- set, the goal was to enjoy the benefits of a successful life.  Often times, believing in secularism led to greed, corruption, & selfishness.  W/o strong Christian values, men lost their morality. Take this time to fill out the ID Terms from this Packet on 1A!