1. Skeletal System Overview

2. Bones are alive  These are dead bones  These are living bones

3. Bones are alive  Living bones:  Form  Grow  Repair  Remodel  Move at joints (with help from muscles)

4. Skeletal System Overview – Structure  System = Skeletal  Organs = Bones + Joints  Newborns have 270 individual bones  Adults have 206 individual bones  Joints include bone, muscle, tendons, ligaments and cartilage  Tissues = Connective  Bone = compact bone; spongy bone  Cartilage = hyaline cartilage; fibrocartilage  Tendons and ligaments = dense

5. Skeletal System Overview – Functions  Movement  Involves (2) or more bones at joints  Variety of joint types provides a variety of movement types  Protection  Skull and ribs  Support  You would be an ameoba without it  Mineral Storage  Stores calcium required by nerves and muscles  Blood Cell Formation  In bone marrow

6. Skeletal System – Normal Function Skeletal System Normal Function Support Protection Movement Mineral Storage Blood Cell Production

7. Skeletal System Unit  Normal Physiology  Bones – Anatomy and Physiology  Joints – Anatomy and Physiology  Abnormal Physiology  Case Study: Osteoporosis  Orthopedic Knee Problem Project  Ligament Injury  Cartilage Injury  Osteoarthritis  Rheumatoid Arthritis

8. Skeletal System- Abnormal Function Skeletal System Abnormal Function Injury Bone Joint Disease Infection Cancer Genetic Environmental Developmental No/Limited Movement Support Protection Mineral Storage Blood Cells

9. Skeletal System Abnormalities - Injury  Bone Fractures – simple or compound  Loss of support and movement  Ligament – tear or strain  Loss of joint stability  Cartilage – tear  Loss of joint stability  Interferes with normal movement

10. Skeletal System Abnormalities – Disease  Cancer  Abnormal Cell Growth  Damages bone structure  Can spread to other tissues

11. Skeletal System Abnormalities – Developmental  Joint Formation  Lumbosacral agenesis  Improper vertebral joints impair movement

12. Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic/Environmental  Scoliosis  Abnormal curvature of spine  Caused by multiple factors  Produces painful/limited movement

13. Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic/Environmental  Rheumatoid Arthritis  Autoimmune disease – body attacks its own tissues  Damages joint tissue  Pain and abnormal structure interferes with normal movement

14. Skeletal System Abnormalities – Genetic  Dwarfism  Abnormal skeletal growth  20+ different forms of dwarfism  Genetic cause

15. Skeletal System Abnormalities – Multiple Causes  Osteoporosis  ‘Pores in the bone’  Caused by loss of calcium- based matrix  Weakened bones are more prone to fracture  Aging, diet and various diseases can be the cause