1. Fingertip Detection with Morphology and Geometric Calculation Dung Duc Nguyen ; Thien Cong Pham ; Jae Wook Jeon Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2009. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Dung Duc Nguyen ; Thien Cong Pham ; Jae Wook Jeon Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2009. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on 1

2. Outline  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion 2 Introduction

3.  Human computer interaction (HCI) systems are popular.  Voice  Gesture: detection, recognition  Gesture recognition system  Trajectories of hand motion  Hand configuration  Human computer interaction (HCI) systems are popular.  Voice  Gesture: detection, recognition  Gesture recognition system  Trajectories of hand motion  Hand configuration 3

4. Introduction  Goal:  Extract hands using depth and color information.  Detect fingertips using morphology and geometric calculation.  Goal:  Extract hands using depth and color information.  Detect fingertips using morphology and geometric calculation. 4 The hand and expected position of fingertips.

5. Outline  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion 5

6. Related Work (1/2)  How to recognize hands?  Shape [2,5,6]  Color [11,14]  Entropy analysis on videos [7]  Color better than shape  Shape can be recovered from skin region  How to recognize hands?  Shape [2,5,6]  Color [11,14]  Entropy analysis on videos [7]  Color better than shape  Shape can be recovered from skin region 6 ???

7. Related Work (2/2)  How to detection fingers?  Learning based (contour...) [7,3,14]  Analyzing hand structure (Gabor feature…) [9,10]  No feature (Shape)  Boundary Shape [8]  Five outside and four inside fingertips [5]  Curvature [2]  How to detection fingers?  Learning based (contour...) [7,3,14]  Analyzing hand structure (Gabor feature…) [9,10]  No feature (Shape)  Boundary Shape [8]  Five outside and four inside fingertips [5]  Curvature [2] 7

8. 8 Reference  [2] W. Chen, R. Fujiki, D. Arita, and R. ichiro Taniguchi. Real-time 3d hand shape estimation based on image feature analysis and inverse kinematics. In Proc. of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP), pages 247–252, Washington, DC, USA, 2007. IEEE Computer Society.  [3] Y.-T. Chen and K.-T. Tsengn. Developing a multiple-angle hand gesture recognition system for human machine interactions. 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), pages 489–492, 2007.  [5] X. Jiang, W. Xu, L. Sweeney, Y. Li, R. Gross, and D. Yurovsky. New directions in contact free hand recognition. In International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), volume 2, pages 389–392, 2007.  [6] C. Kerdvibulvech and H. Saito. Vision-based detection of guitar players’ fingertips without markers. In Proc. of the Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation (CGIV), pages 419–428. IEEE Computer Society, 2007.  [7] J. Lee, Y. Lee, E. Lee, and S. Hong. Hand region extraction and gesture recognition from video stream with complex background through entropy analysis. Proc. of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, 2004.  [8] Y. Ma, F. Pollick, and W. T. Hewitt. Using b-spline curves for hand recognition. In Proc. of 17th International Conference on the Pattern Recognition (ICPR), volume 3, pages 274–277, Washington, DC, USA, 2004. IEEE Computer Society.  [11] S. Schmugge, M. A. Zaffar, L. V. Tsap, and M. C. Shin. Task-based evaluation of skin detection for communication and perceptual interfaces. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation (JVCIR), 18(6):487–495, 2007.  [14] Y. Wu and T. S. Huang. View-independent recognition of hand postures. In Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), volume 2, pages 88–94, 2000.

9. Outline  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion 9

10. Proposed Method 10

11. 11 Mixture of Gaussian model Experiment

12. Skin Segmentation 12 [13] V. Vezhnevets, V. Sazonov, and A. Andreeva. A survey on pixelbased skin color detection techniques. In Proc. of 13th International Conference of Computer Graphics and Visualization Graphicon, 2003.

13. Skin Segmentation 13

14. Skin Segmentation 14 (experiment = 3) (experiment = 55)

15. 15 Skin region using morphology Disparity constraint

16. Skin Objects 16 erode dilate http://tavmjong.free.fr/INKSCAPE/MANUAL/html/Filters-Pixel.html

17. Hand Detection 17

18. Hand Detection  Evaluation function 2. 1)Arrange objects in descending order of area size. 2)Reject small and large objects 3)Reject objects which are not in the range given by 4)Filter candidates: choose the three largest objects in range [a;b]. They are the head and two hands. 5)Reject the human head: the head can be eliminated by checking the relative position and size compared to other objects. The two remaining objects are hands.  Evaluation function 2. 1)Arrange objects in descending order of area size. 2)Reject small and large objects 3)Reject objects which are not in the range given by 4)Filter candidates: choose the three largest objects in range [a;b]. They are the head and two hands. 5)Reject the human head: the head can be eliminated by checking the relative position and size compared to other objects. The two remaining objects are hands. 18

19. Hand Detection 19

20. 20 Using morphology Edge detector

21. Finger Detection 21 http://www.dspguide.com/ch25/4.htm

22. Finger Detection 22

23. Finger Detection 23

24. Proposed Method 24

25. 25 Geometric calculation Angle and length

26. Relocate Finger Position 26

27. Relocate Finger Position 27

28. Fingertip 28

29. 29 Proposed Method  Skin segmentation  Mixture of Gaussian model (Experiment)  Hand detection  Morphology with skin and disparity information  Finger detection  Morphology and edge detector  Relocating finger position  Geometric calculation

30. Outline  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion 30

31. Experimental Results  Device : CPU AMD Althlon 4800+  Stereo resolution : 640x480  Runtime  Device : CPU AMD Althlon 4800+  Stereo resolution : 640x480  Runtime 31

32. Experimental Results 32

33. 33 Experimental Results

34.  Recognition rate (120 frames)  Open fingers: 90-95%  Closed fingers: 10-20%  Reason: image quality and morphology operator  Recognition rate (120 frames)  Open fingers: 90-95%  Closed fingers: 10-20%  Reason: image quality and morphology operator 34

35. Outline  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion  Introduction  Related Work  Proposed Method  Experimental Results  Conclusion 35

36. Conclusion  Proposed a simple and effective method to detect fingertips.  Noise tolerance  Good performance of run-time  Depend on experiment too much  Future work  Improve finger response function  Gradient and texture information  Adaptive skin detector  Proposed a simple and effective method to detect fingertips.  Noise tolerance  Good performance of run-time  Depend on experiment too much  Future work  Improve finger response function  Gradient and texture information  Adaptive skin detector 36