1. 1 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 31.10-1.11 2006 Community of Practice Meeting Millennium Development Goals in CEE and the CIS Europe and CIS Jacek Cukrowski MDG Advisor, UNDP RBEC Bratislava Regional Centre

2. 2 Background and global MDG agenda Europe and CIS

3. 3 2000 Millennium Summit 189 heads of state, government, sign the Millennium Declaration 189 heads of state, government, sign the Millennium Declaration Reaffirm commitments to human rights, UN conventions Reaffirm commitments to human rights, UN conventions Pledged to significantly reduce poverty by 2015 Pledged to significantly reduce poverty by 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are to monitor progress toward meeting these goals Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are to monitor progress toward meeting these goals Europe and CIS

4. 4 Structure of MDGs  Global agenda 8 Goals 8 Goals  few in number  stable over time  easy to communicate 18 Targets 18 Targets 48 Indicators 48 Indicators  Goals and targets Clear time boundaries Clear time boundaries Quantified indicators Quantified indicators Europe and CIS

5. 5 Example Reporting on the progress Target value Baseline value Observed value Indicator Source: The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Promises & progress (2002)** Key message: The region is underperforming Baseline yearTarget year Europe and CIS

6. 6 Global agenda: Key messages  MDGs cover only part of the issues included to the Millennium Declaration “Good governance” is not included to global MDG agenda “Good governance” is not included to global MDG agenda  Targets and indicators cover only selected issues related to poverty, education, gender, health, environment, etc. Example: Example: “achieve universal primary education” “achieve universal primary education” Europe and CIS

7. 7 National MDGs Europe and CIS

8. 8 MDGs in CEE  In some countries of the region many global targets were achieved several years ago Education Education Health care Health care  …but, also in these countries there is still a room for national MDG development agenda Targets need to be Targets need to be Adapted to the current level of development Adapted to the current level of development Disaggregated (by gender, ethnicity, sub-national regions, labor market status) Disaggregated (by gender, ethnicity, sub-national regions, labor market status) Europe and CIS

9. 9 Why disaggregation? Example: Employment in Hungary Hungary has relatively low rates of: Hungary has relatively low rates of: Poverty Poverty Unemployment Unemployment But if employment rates are disaggregated by region, ethnicity, we see: But if employment rates are disaggregated by region, ethnicity, we see: Only one out of six Roma in northern Hungary is employed Only one out of six Roma in northern Hungary is employed Employment rates (2004) Europe and CIS

10. 10 A scale of national adjustment Europe and CIS

11. 11 National MDGs: Key messages  Most of the countries in Europe and the CIS adjusted global agenda to national circumstances UNDP’s vs. other (e.g., World Bank) approaches to MDGs in the region UNDP’s vs. other (e.g., World Bank) approaches to MDGs in the region  National MDG agendas (-) Do not allow to make cross country comparison (-) Unclear ownership (+) Express real development challenges (+) Allow to track progress Europe and CIS

12. 12 Regional MDG Report for Europe and the CIS Contents Introduction Introduction The MDGs and development trends in CEE and CIS The MDGs and development trends in CEE and CIS National MDG agendas National MDG agendas Priorities, challenges and opportunities Priorities, challenges and opportunities Conclusions Conclusions Annex Annex A global agenda A global agenda Monitoring progress towards nationally adopted goals Monitoring progress towards nationally adopted goals Assessing progress Assessing progress Europe and CIS

13. 13 The Report: Key messages MDGs must be adapted to national circumstances MDGs must be adapted to national circumstances When appropriately applied, MDGs reflect national development challenges When appropriately applied, MDGs reflect national development challenges Keys: disaggregation, localisation Keys: disaggregation, localisation Some countries of the region are on “African” levels of development Some countries of the region are on “African” levels of development Need “African” level of international assistance Need “African” level of international assistance Good governance a key for achieving MDGs Good governance a key for achieving MDGs Importance of new donors Importance of new donors Europe and CIS

14. 14 Is Africa really the world ’ s poorest region? GDP per capita (PPP, 2003) Europe and CIS

15. 15 Central Asia is not Africa, but... MDGs suggest that the poorest CIS countries face “African” challenges: MDGs suggest that the poorest CIS countries face “African” challenges: Per-capita GDP Per-capita GDP Infant mortality Infant mortality They should receive “African” levels of attention from the international community They should receive “African” levels of attention from the international community Europe and CIS

16. 16 Governance matters The MDGs are: The MDGs are: linked to the Millennium Declaration linked to the Millennium Declaration not a target-setting exercise not a target-setting exercise Millennium Declaration emphasizes: Millennium Declaration emphasizes: democracy democracy human rights human rights This is a reflection of: This is a reflection of: A commitment to universal values; and A commitment to universal values; and The fact that democratic institutions are often better able to implement pro-poor economic, social policies The fact that democratic institutions are often better able to implement pro-poor economic, social policies Europe and CIS

17. 17 The region ’ s “ new donors ” Transfer of new EU member states’ transition successes particularly important in such areas as: Transfer of new EU member states’ transition successes particularly important in such areas as: EU, WTO accession, integration EU, WTO accession, integration Reforming central state structures Reforming central state structures Decentralisation (especially fiscal) Decentralisation (especially fiscal) Working with NGOs Working with NGOs Remediating environmental hot spots Remediating environmental hot spots Integrated water resources management Integrated water resources management Also important: Russia, Turkey as creditors, donors Also important: Russia, Turkey as creditors, donors Debt relief (Africa, Central Asia) Debt relief (Africa, Central Asia) Technical assistance Technical assistance Europe and CIS

18. 18 Priority challenges and opportunities Europe and CIS

19. 19 Priority challenges and opportunities  Strengthening national ownership of MDG agenda  Monitoring MDGs and the role of the civil society  Alignment of MDGs with other development strategies MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania) MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)  Raising public awareness and MDG campaigning  Need for disaggregated MDGs Roma in Central and Eastern Europe Roma in Central and Eastern Europe Disaggregated MDG in Lithuania Disaggregated MDG in Lithuania Europe and CIS

20. 20 Priority challenges and opportunities (cont.)  Promoting local development through MDGs Berati Region (Albania) Berati Region (Albania) Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania) Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)  MDG needs assessment Work of MDG country team in Tajikistan Work of MDG country team in Tajikistan  Global compact and efforts of business community to support MDG agenda Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland) Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)  Emerging donors Slovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDP Slovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDP Europe and CIS

21. 21 Conclusions  In Europe and the CIS national approach to MDG is required  Targets and indicators need to be adapted to the current level of development Adaptation of MDGs requires disaggregation Adaptation of MDGs requires disaggregation  MDG reports need to be focused on monitoring the progress not on the analysis  Key priorities Strengthening national ownership of MDG agenda Strengthening national ownership of MDG agenda MDG needs assessment MDG needs assessment Promoting local development through MDGs Promoting local development through MDGs Europe and CIS

22. 22 Thank you… United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Programme, Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, Bratislava Regional Centre http://europeandcis.undp.org http://europeandcis.undp.org Jacek.Cukrowski@undp.org Jacek.Cukrowski@undp.org Europe and CIS

23. 23 Annex Europe and CIS

24. 24 Global MDG agenda Goal 1: Halving extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieving universal primary education Goal 3: Promoting gender equality Goal 4: Reducing under-five mortality by two-thirds Goal 5: Reducing maternal mortality by three-quarters Goal 6: Reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB Goal 7: Ensuring environmental sustainability Goal 8: Developing a global partnership for development, with targets for aid, trade and debt relief Europe and CIS

25. 25 How relevant are MDGs for in CEE and CIS countries – short overview Europe and CIS

26. 26 MDG1: Eradicate poverty and extreme hunger More than 1 billion people live on less than one dollar per day More than 1 billion people live on less than one dollar per day 2/3 of population in Tajikistan lives on less than $2.15 per day 2/3 of population in Tajikistan lives on less than $2.15 per day Roma village in eastern Slovakia Europe and CIS

27. 27 MDG2: Achieve universal primary education Globally: Globally: 100 million children are not in school 100 million children are not in school Nearly half the girls in the world’s poorest countries do not attend school Nearly half the girls in the world’s poorest countries do not attend school In Tajikistan: In Tajikistan: Primary school attendance drops from near 100% in 1990 to 88% 2003 Primary school attendance drops from near 100% in 1990 to 88% 2003 Declines sharper for girls Declines sharper for girls Europe and CIS

28. 28 MDG3: Promote gender equality, empower women European traditions, legacies of socialism promote relatively high levels of gender equality in CIS, CEE countries European traditions, legacies of socialism promote relatively high levels of gender equality in CIS, CEE countries Since 1990, however: Since 1990, however: Male/female wage gaps have sharpened Male/female wage gaps have sharpened Female education attainment rates down Female education attainment rates down Europe and CIS

29. 29 MDG4: Reduce child mortality Infant mortality rates (per 1000 live births), 2003 Europe and CIS

30. 30 MDG5: Improve maternal health Maternal mortality data for CIS/CEE countries favorable Maternal mortality data for CIS/CEE countries favorable Big declines in maternal mortality rates in Central Asia reported since 1990 Big declines in maternal mortality rates in Central Asia reported since 1990 Other maternal health measures less sanguine Other maternal health measures less sanguine Example: access to contraception in Caucasus Example: access to contraception in Caucasus Europe and CIS

31. 31 MDG6: Combat HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria, other diseases Russia, Ukraine, Estonia at crucial HIV/AIDS threshold Russia, Ukraine, Estonia at crucial HIV/AIDS threshold Prevalence rates rising above 1%, going into into general population Prevalence rates rising above 1%, going into into general population Tuberculosis is now more common in Russia than in China Tuberculosis is now more common in Russia than in China Europe and CIS

32. 32 MDG7: Ensure environmental sustainability CIS/CEE countries are “full of hot air” CIS/CEE countries are “full of hot air” Even new EU member states emit above-average amounts of CO2 per $1 of GDP Even new EU member states emit above-average amounts of CO2 per $1 of GDP 5 of 7 “dirtiest” countries in world are in CIS 5 of 7 “dirtiest” countries in world are in CIS “Low hanging Kyoto fruits” “Low hanging Kyoto fruits” UNDP creating its own carbon fund UNDP creating its own carbon fund CO2/$GDP above global average (2004 data) Europe and CIS

33. 33 MDG8: Build new partnerships for development Role of new donors in development cooperation Role of new donors in development cooperation New EU member states New EU member states Russia, Turkey Russia, Turkey Importance of private sector as development driver Importance of private sector as development driver Europe and CIS

34. 34 Priority challenges and opportunities Europe and CIS

35. 35 Priority challenges and opportunities  Strengthening national ownership of MDG agenda  Monitoring MDGs and the role of the civil society  Alignment of MDGs with other development strategies MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania) MDG/PRSP/EU SAP Linkages (Albania)  Raising public awareness and MDG campaigning  Need for disaggregated MDGs Roma in Central and Eastern Europe Roma in Central and Eastern Europe Disaggregated MDG in Lithuania Disaggregated MDG in Lithuania Europe and CIS

36. 36 Priority challenges and opportunities (cont.)  Promoting local development through MDGs Berati Region (Albania) Berati Region (Albania) Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania) Kukes MDG Regional Development Strategy (Albania)  MDG needs assessment Work of MDG country team in Tajikistan Work of MDG country team in Tajikistan  Global compact and efforts of business community to support MDG agenda Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland) Developing Public Private Partnership in Plock (Poland)  New partnership for development: Emerging donors Slovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDP Slovakia’s ODA Cooperation with UNDP Europe and CIS