3. Growth Factors of Jua Kali The Agricultural sector, traditionally the main employer especially in rural areas has experienced slow and/or a decline in growth in some sectors. This created an influx of people to the urban areas, who resorted for employment in the Jua Kali sector; Slow economic growth in various sectors also resulted in the restructuring and downsizing of organisations; The Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) initiated in 1993 to reduce the civil service. Graduates from Schools, Universities could not be absorbed into the formal workstream.

5. Problem factors of Jua Kali Lack of exposure/poor marketing; Lack of capital finance; Lack of training; Lack of premises; Lack of formal education/knowledge of business and legal issues; Lack of machinery/equipment; and Municipality by-laws not conducive to informal business.