1. Our hard-shelled friends…..and foes!
Arthropods
Our hard-shelled friends…..and foes!

2. Characteristics of Arthropods
Segmented
Jointed appendages
Hard external skeleton
3 parts-head, thorax, abdomen (arachnids exception)
Exoskeleton-hard, external skeleton made of chitin
Molting- shed old exoskeleton and secrete a larger one, very vulnerable after molting

3. Body parts Ganglia-clusters of nerve cells along a nerve cord
Compound eyes-may facets each with their own lenses, some have single lenses and some have both
Spiracles-holes in the exoskeleton that allow gas exchange (book lungs in arachnids)
Trachea-chitin lined tubes in spiracles

4. Arthropod Ancestors-Trilobites

5. Diversity of Arthropods
First arthropods evolved in sea about 560 mya
4,000 species of trilobites
Spider-like arthropods abundant in sea 300 mya, only 4 species left-horseshoe crabs-changed very little
Crustaceans live in mostly aquatic environments, specialization of appendages;claws

6. Types
Crustaceans-lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimp, barnacles, copepods, Isopods (pillbugs,sowbugs)
Arachnids-spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks
Insects-beetles, ants, grasshoppers, butterflies, dragonflies,etc
Myriapods- centipedes-venomous, millipedes- toxic chemicals, smell/taste bad

7. Class Arachnida Scorpions, spider, ticks, mites
2 body sections-cephalothorax and abdomen
Chelicerae-fanglike mouthparts to paralyze prey with poison
Pedipalps-mouthpart typically used to manipulate prey once it has been paralyzed or for mating
Malpighian tubules-remove wastes from fluids in body cavity

8. Arachnids
Book lungs-specialized respiratory structures and provide large surface for gas exchange, some use trachea
Almost all arachnids live on land and have several adaptations to help them retain water.

9. Types
Spiders-have silk glands made from spinnerets; many hunt for prey or use webs
Scorpions-nighttime hunters in deserts, venomous stinger at the end of the tail, body glows in a black light
Mites/ticks-suck sap or blood, sucking mouthparts, transmit diseases, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tick paralysis

11. Spiders

12. Not really spiders but close…

13. Scorpions
All scorpions glow in a black light

14. Mites and Ticks

15. Class Crustacea
Decapods-ten legs, pincers and walking legs, most are marine, crayfish are freshwater and a few land crabs exist in tropical areas
2 body parts-cephalothorax and abdomen
Carapace-portion of the exoskeleton that cover cephalothorax
Mandibles-bite and grind food
Lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimp

16. Barnacles and Copepods
Barnacles secrete calcium carbonate to make their shells
Copepods are very small but play a big part in food chains

17. Isopods
Most are small marine crustaceans, but also include large animals and terrestrial pillbugs/sowbugs

18. Decapods

19. Isopods

20. Barnacles and Copepods

21. Class Insecta 3 main body parts-head, thorax, abdomen 6 walking legs
Wings
Malpighian tubules for waste
Tracheal system and spiracles for gas exchange
Young often have completely different behavioral and eating patterns in complete metamorphosis
Entomology-study of insects

22. Class Insecta-Complete Metamorphosis
Changes from one completely different form into another adult form.
Has various stages of larva and pupa before becoming an adult
Pupa is an inactive stage in which a cocoon forms and the insect undergoes major physical and chemical changes.
Examples are: butterflies, moths, wasps, bees, beetles

23. Class Insecta-Incomplete Metamorphosis
Insect goes through various stages of molting and growing but remain basically the same.
Young grows bigger and bigger but has same feeding habits and physical appearance
Examples are: praying mantis, crickets and grasshoppers

24. Class Insecta Includes Many Insect Orders
Coleoptera- beetles
Lepidoptera-butterflies and moths
Diptera- flies and mosquitoes
Hymenoptera- ants, bees, wasps
Hemiptera- the true “bugs” stinkbugs, water striders
Orthoptera- crickets and grasshoppers
Odonata- dragonflies and damselflies
Isoptera- Termites
Homoptera- cicadas, aphids

25. Order Coleoptera
Larval Beetle Forms

28. Order Lepidoptera
Larval Forms

31. Order Diptera

32. Maggots, Diptera Larvae

33. Order Hymenoptera

34. Order Hemiptera
The Kissing Bug, transmits the deadly Chagas disease!

35. Order Orthoptera

36. Order Odonata
Larval Forms

37. Order Homoptera
Molted skin

38. Cicada Songs
Many of these are from the Southeast Asia areas, but there are cicadas that are quite loud around here.

39. Order Isoptera
Termite Queen