1. Reducing Emissions From Diesel Engines Robert Cross Chief, Mobile Source Control Division California Environmental Protection Agency AIR RESOURCES BOARD

2. Outline u About Diesel Exhaust u California’s Diesel Control Plan u New Engine Standards u Retrofit Programs u Conclusions

3. Diesel Exhaust is Unhealthy u NOx u Precursor to ozone - a lung irritant u Precursor to PM2.5 - lung disease, mortality u Diesel PM = toxic air contaminant (TAC) u Identified as toxic in August 1998 u Contains 40+ substances identified as TACs u Carcinogenic in humans & animals u Non-cancer damage to lungs

4. Diesel: Cancer Risk Remains High

5. Diesel: Major Source of NOx Statewide in 2000

6. Off-Road Diesels Important Greater LA in 2010 Current regulations

7. Both Construction and Ag. Equipment are Important Los Angeles San Joaquin Valley NOx PM x10

8. CA’s Control Plan For Diesels u Comprehensive plan adopted 9/00 u Addresses NOx and PM u Driven by diesel identification as toxic u Near-zero emission limits: new engines u Cleaner fuel: 15 ppm S u Better in-use testing/enforcement u Retrofit existing diesel engines w/ filters

9. ARB’s Inter-Divisional Partnership For Risk Reduction  Mobile Source Control Division On- and off-road diesel emission standards Retrofit programs  Mobile Source Operations Division Fleet and roadside enforcement  Stationary Source Division TAC identification Fuel quality Stationary and agriculture ARB

10. 98+% reduction Tighter On-Road Diesel Emission Standards ADOPTED: New Engines

11. Tighter Off-Road Diesel Emission Standards NEEDED: New Engines 175-300 hp 97+% reduction ?

12. Diesel Particulate Filters Reduce Emissions

13. Diesel Particulate Filter Technology

14. NOx Aftertreatment Reduces Emissions Aftertreatment Device Percent NOx Reduction

15. NOx Adsorber Technology

16. Sulfur Removal Required Sulfur Content (ppm by weight) * Beginning July 1, 2002

17. Retrofit Programs Needed On-Highway HDD Fleet Mix Source: EMFAC2000, Statewide, GVWR=8,500+ lbs.

18. Diesel PM In-Use Retrofit Program u Achieves 80% of Plan’s Reductions (2010) u Retrofit every Diesel in California w/ filters u Feasibility u Exposure u Approaches u Regulation u Incentive funds u Voluntary action u Effectiveness u Minimum 85% PM reduction/vehicle u Get NOx reduction when feasible

19. Typical Retrofits Filter System

20. Implementation Filter Retrofits u Regulation u Urban transit buses u 4500 filter retrofits starting 2003 u New engines - filters required 2002 u Trash trucks u Regulation under development u Permit conditions u e.g., major construction projects

21. Implementation (cont.) u Incentive funding u School buses u $12.5 million. u ~2000 filter retrofits, beginning 2001. u NOx and PM Reductions u $100 million FY01/02. u Incremental cost of new, repower, retrofit paid. u Intended to create offsets for increased electrical generation.

22. Implementation (cont.) u Voluntary u City of Los Angeles u 1300 vehicles u Caltrans u Clean new purchases (e.g., LPG) u Retrofit filters (~600) u Need recognition for others u Labeling u Publicity

23. Demonstration Programs Support Implementation u BP ECD - (# vehicles with filters) u Ralph’s grocery trucks (10) u BP tanker trucks (10) u LA County MTA (4) u Hertz equipment rental (10) u LA City Sanitation (10) u People movers/local amusement park (10) u School busses San Diego (10) u School Buses LA (39) u Construction equipment (19)

24. Technical Support & Outreach u International Advisory Committee. u Certification of retrofit devices. u Testing and evaluation. u Partnership with local agencies. u Coordination with U.S. EPA’s program.

25. Plan will reduce: PM emissions Cancer risk Respiratory impact Other benefits include: Improved visibility Reduced soiling Benefits

26. For More Information u Diesel Risk Reduction Website u www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/diesel/diesel.htm u Sign up to receive notices u Talk to a real person (626-575-6973), or ____@arb.ca.gov u Annette Hebert - Manager, Heavy-Duty Diesel In- Use Strategies Branch u G. Scott Rowland - Manager, Retrofit Assessment Section u Nancy Steele, Ph.D. - Manager, Retrofit Implementation Section