1. Technical Issues of Connecting GeoData within and Between Governmental Agencies: Focus on NSF Research Data C YNDY C HANDLER B IOLOGICAL AND C HEMICAL O CEANOGRAPHY D ATA M ANAGEMENT O FFICE W OODS H OLE O CEANOGRAPHIC I NSTITUTION GeoData 2014 ~ 18 June 2014 ~ NCAR Center Green Campus, Boulder, Colorado

2. Scope: NSF GeoData NSF funded, hypothesis-driven, ocean science research projects from  Division of Ocean Sciences (OCE) OCE Biology and Chemistry  Division of Polar Programs (PLR) Antarctic Research ANT Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems

3. Connectivity Challenges Goals:  linking content at distributed repositories  improved interoperability Technical strategies/solutions:  metadata content standards  controlled vocabularies  Linked Data Not just technical  cultural conditions, behaviors  research data lifecycle  “proposal to preservation”

4. An example A researcher reads a paper  We have already assumed they have found and are able to retrieve the paper http://www.pnas.org/content/111/22/8089.full Patrick Martin, Sonya T. Dyhrman, Michael W. Lomas, Nicole J. Poulton, and Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy (2014) “Accumulation and enhanced cycling of polyphosphate by Sargasso Sea plankton in response to low phosphorus” PNAS 2014 111 (22) 8089-8094; published ahead of print April 21, 2014, doi:10.1073/pnas.1321719111

5. Example (cont’d) there is a data supplement DOI

6. What do I Know? Publication: PNAS, has a DOI, has data suppl. Person name (author): Benjamin Van Mooy Dates of activity: 2010 and 2012 Location keywords: Sargasso Sea Cruise: on vessel Knorr Data keywords: plankton, polyphosphate, lipid general knowledge domain specific

7. Research is a game of Connect the Dots the dots are entities of information and data from distributed repositories

8. Some catalogs or repositories are already connected making it easier to “connect the dots” Connect the Dots

9. Some catalogs (repositories) are already connected making it easier to “connect the dots” Dot #3 is a piece of information held in common (e.g. cruise ID)

10. Some catalogs or repositories are already connected Connect the Dots

11. Some catalogs or repositories are already connected Connect the Dots

12. Persistent identifiers for publications (DOI) for data (DOI) for people (ORCID)

13. metadata negotiated, shared, common IDs persistent IDs from authoritative sources controlled vocabularies local terms mapped to community-wide terms identified by URIs Connect the Dots

14. metadata negotiated, shared, common IDs persistent IDs from authoritative sources controlled vocabularies semantic markup to provide context and establish relationships

15. context matters Semantic Web technologies can help

16. Connect the Dots Technical strategies/solutions:  metadata … more metadata  standards-compliant metadata  globally unique persistent identifiers from authoritative sources  controlled vocabularies (local & community-wide)  semantic markup  Linked Data* Support transition from human to machine clients *Linked Data: Bizer, Heath, Berners-Lee, 2009; 10.4018/jswis.2009081901

17. Progress since 2011 What has made the difference?  Program manager involvement Consequences for PIs for not making data available Long-term commitment (funding, active engagement)  Changing expectations from originators Marine ecosystem research requires access to many different kinds of data

18. Progress since 2011 What has made the difference? Community organizations NSF EarthCube: funding to establish partnerships with other data managers, computer scientists and geoscientists ESIP: opportunity to work with people from other communities doing similar work  discussions focus on challenges, activities deliver results RDA: global organization to foster data sharing International efforts with a domain focus (e.g. ocean)

19. Modern data Semantic Web infrastructure requires Technologies involve inspired by (2013)