2. Welcometo GEEN 2850 / 4850 ASTR 2840 Independent Study Colorado Space Grant Consortium February 12, 2001

3. - HW #4 due Wednesday (email) - Sign in sheet - Special assignment. Anyone one want one? See me after class - Changes to Syllabus Announcements:

4. Today: - Class Review - Thinking outside the box - More atmosphere

5. STS 98 Launch: Io

6. Next Time: - HW #4 Due - Guest Speaker Linnea Avallone Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics “Atmospheric Sciences”

7. Questions?

8. So... One switch controls the light bulb Light bulb is on 2nd floor Can’t see it unless you go upstairs Can flip switches as many times Can go upstairs once Which switch is it? If you could go up twice, how would you do it? What does a light bulb do? Besides light? What about heat?

9. Tonight: Understanding Atmosphere

10. antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0011/earthlights_dmsp_big.jpgAnnouncements:

11. Announcements:

12. Questions: What is atmosphere? Why should you care?

13. Questions: Why do we have one? Gravity Planet Composition Luck

14. Questions:

15. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere: Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

16. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere: Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

17. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere: Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

18. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere: Temperature varies in all directions as you climb through the different layers of the atmosphere Why? Solar Radition (UV, IR) - Ozone Absorbs - Surface Heats - Convection

19. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere: That is about 60 miles Shuttle ~150 miles up

20. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere: Capt. Joe W. Kittinger jumps from a balloon at 102,800 feet

21. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere: Capt. Joe W. Kittinger jumps from a balloon at 102,800 feet Forgot to mention, he exceeded the speed of sound with his body

22. Weather Matters: - All weather occurs in which layer? - Troposphere - Why?

23. Weather Matters: - What causes weather? - Sun - Convection - Air rises in the tropics - Descends over northerly latitudes - Earth rotation, mountains, ice caps etc. - But land tends to be warmer than oceans - High pressure systems over water (desending) - Low pressure systems over lands (rising)

24. Weather Matters:

26. Questions: How many Shuttle launches have been scrubbed due to weather? Solar Max/Min How many of you stick your arm out the car window? - How about on a airplane? (if you could) - On a Shuttle?

27. Questions:

28. How fast can you throw a snowball? - A baseball? - A shot put? - A Subway sandwich out a moving car? Could you throw any of these in to an orbit? -How fast would it have to be going?

29. Questions: Let’s figure it out… v is velocity G is Universal Gravitational Constant M is mass of planet or satellite R is radius of planet of satellite

30. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere:

31. Many satellites study the atmosphere Why?

32. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere: Titan Atmosphere Layering (from Voyager 1) Understanding of our atmosphere helps us understand other planets and moons Europa Io

33. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere: Io

34. Atmosphere: Does the Moon have an atmosphere?

35. Atmosphere: How about throwing something into orbit on the moon? golf ball

36. Atmosphere: Let’s figure it out… v is velocity G is Universal Gravitational Constant M is mass of planet or satellite R is radius of planet of satellite

37. Weather Matters:

42. So What? Weather changes Launches Ozone Hole Greenhouse effect Orbit lifetime - Skylab Understand other worlds Separation from vacuum of space Life