1. Temporal separation of turbulent time series: Measurements and simulations Nils P. Basse 1,2, S. Zoletnik, M. Saffman, G. Antar, P. K. Michelsen and the W7-AS Team 1 Association EURATOM – Risø National Laboratory, Denmark 2 Ørsted Laboratory, Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics, Denmark 1. W7-AS and the density fluctuation diagnostic 2. Phase separation 3. Discharge analysis 9 th European Fusion Theory Conference, 17-19 October 2001, Helsingør, Denmark

2. The Wendelstein 7-AS (W7-AS) stellarator

3. The density fluctuation diagnostic Diagnostic installed on the Wendelstein 7-AS (W7- AS) stellarator Small angle collective scattering of infrared light (radiation source is a CO 2 laser) Heterodyne, dual volume system (only 1 volume shown for clarity) Wavenumber analysed here is 14 cm -1 (range is from 14 to 62 cm -1 ) M. Saffman et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72 (2001) 2579

4. The density fluctuation diagnostic Diagnostic installed on the Wendelstein 7-AS (W7- AS) stellarator Small angle collective scattering of infrared light (radiation source is a CO 2 laser) Heterodyne, dual volume system (only 1 volume shown for clarity) Wavenumber analysed here is 14 cm -1 (range is from 14 to 62 cm -1 ) M. Saffman et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72 (2001) 2579

5. Phase separation theory The observed signal consists of counter propagating electron bunches. The light scattering signal I can be written I(t) =  a j exp(i  j ) = A exp(i  ), where N b is the number of bunches, while a j and  j is the amplitude and phase of bunch number j, respectively. The measured complex signal can be written S = X + iY = A exp(i  ), where  = k  U t. The time derivative of the phase is  t  = [X  t Y - Y  t X] / A 2 j=1 NbNb G. Antar et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41 (1999) 733

6. Simulated signal Simulated events are complex signals having a finite length and a Gaussian time evolution of the amplitude.

7. Phase separation tests The quality of the phase separation technique is gauged by cross correlating the simulated and separated amplitudes. A variety of parameters can be adjusted: Phase velocity Noise level Number/lifetime/amplitude of events

8. Discharge overview Right-hand figure: Autopower spectra from a W7-AS shot displaying three distinct phases: 1. L-mode 100-400 ms 2. Dithering H-mode 400-550 ms 3. ELM-free H-mode 550-600 ms Left-hand figure: Autopower spectra from a DIII-D discharge. C. L. Rettig et al., Phys. Plasmas 4 (1997) 4009

9. Discharge overview Run-of-the-mill L-H switching:

10. Events in L- and H-mode The 3 figures below show the amplitude (top) and phase derivative (bottom) for time windows of 100  s. L-modeH-mode Background The raw data has been bandpass filtered between 1 kHz and 1 MHz before the amplitude and phase derivative was calculated.

11. Average derivative Averaging the absolute value of the phase derivative over 100  s time windows, a clear correlation is seen with the dithering in other plasma parameters such as the H  -light. This is not the case for the standard average – work is in progress.

12. Conclusions and outlook We have in this presentation outlined an investigation dealing with time derivatives of the phase of our signal: The procedure as first used by G. Antar et al. on Tore Supra data is applicable to W7-AS discharges Simulations creating autopower spectra similar to those measured have shown that phase separation of events in counter propagating directions is a valid approach Events in L- and H-mode time windows have distinguishable phase derivatives Outlook: Continue search for quantities differing in L- and H-mode (e.g.  tt , PDF’s), work on bandpass filtering and physics interpretation Use the technique for calculating phase separated autopower spectra in L- and H-modes Completed work and ongoing studies: www.npb.dk

13. MAY 2001: Detachment in W7-AS divertor plasmas First modular stellarator divertor (10 discrete toroidal sections) is operating in W7-AS 2 MW NBI power,  a = 0.556 Two density plateaus (we have obtained densities of  4  10 20 m -3 ) Strictly speaking the discharge was partially detached, strike points still visible (thermography, H  ) Observed wavenumber 20 cm -1 Spectra broaden at detachment Frequency integrated fluctuations increase at detachment