1. Female Sex Workers
Last updated: October 2015

2. CONTENT Data availability and population size estimates
HIV prevalence and epidemiology
Risk behaviors
Violence
Vulnerability and HIV knowledge
National response

3. Data availability and population size estimates

4. 229,856 (both direct and indirect)
Female sex workers population size estimates, countries where data is available
Estimated FSW (a)
Year of estimate
Year of reporting
HIV prevalence (b) 1
Afghanistan
6,000
2015
0.3 (2012) 2
Australia
20,500 …
0.03 (2012) 3
Bangladesh
74,300
2010
0.3 (2011) 4
Cambodia
34,400
2012
4.6* (2010) 5
China
2,470,000
2011
0.2 (2014) 6
Hong Kong SAR
20, ,000
2005
0 (2013) 7
Fiji (Suva, Nadi, Lautoka, Labasa,Savsavu)
538
2014
0 (2012) 8
India
868,000
2.8 ( ) 9
Indonesia
229,856 (both direct and indirect)
7 (2011) 10
Lao PDR
14,814
1.4 (2014) 11
Malaysia
45,000
7.3 (2014) 12
Maldives
,000
2008
0 (2008) 13
Mongolia
1, ,000
2006
0 (2014) 14
Myanmar
70,000
6.3 (2014) 15
Nepal
26,504 (24,649 – 28,359)
1.7 (2011) 16
Pakistan
136,156 – 149,111
0.6 (2011) 17
Philippines
80,000 (70, ,175)
0.4 (2013) 18
Papua New Guinea
40,000
19 (Port Moresby, 2010) 19
Sri Lanka
14,132
2013
0.8 (2014) 20
Thailand
141,769
1.1 (2014) 21
Timor Leste
1,688
1.5 (2011) 22
Vanuatu (Port Vila)
1,398 23
Viet Nam
71,936
2.5 (2014)
Prepared by ; Note: a) Please see next slide for references; b) National HIV Sentinel Surveillance surveys and Integrated Biological and Behavioral surveys reported in GARPR 2013 to 2015
* Weighted and adjusted average

5. References , Female sex workers population size estimates
Afghanistan Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Australia Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Bangladesh Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Cambodia Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Ministry of Health China, WHO, and UNAIDS. (2011) Estimates for the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in China (Unpublished).
Hong Kong Advisory Council on AIDS. (2006). Report of Community Assessment and Evaluation of HIV Prevention for Commercial Sex Workers and their Clients in Hong Kong 2006.
Fiji Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting based on Mossman, E., Roguski, M., Ravuidi, R., & Devi, R. (2013). Integrated Biological Behavioural Surveillance Survey and Size Estimation of Sex Workers in Fiji
National AIDS Control Organisation India, Department of AIDS Control, & Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. (2011). Annual Report
Indonesia Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting based on Ministry of Health.(2013). Estimasi Populasi Rawan Tertular HIV di Indonesia Tahun (In Indonesian Language)
Lao PDR Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Malaysia Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
WHO. (2009). HIV/AIDS in the South-East Asia Region 2009.
National Committee on HIV/AIDS, UN, & gtz. (2008). Comprehensive Review of the National Response to HIV and STIs in Mongolia.
Myanmar Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting based on a mapping study conducted by Nataional AIDS Programme and PSI in 2010
Nepal Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2014
Pakistan Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Philippine National AIDS Council. (2011). Estimates of the Most At-Risk Population and People Living with HIV.
Asian Development Bank. (2005). Socioeconomic Implications of HIV/AIDS in the Pacific.
Sri Lanka Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015 based on National STD/AIDS Control Programme and the Family Planning Association of Sri Lanka. (2013). National Size Estimation of Most at Risk Populations (MARPs) for HIV in Sri Lanka
Thailand Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Timor Leste Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2015
Vanuatu Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2014 based on IBBS and Population Size Estimation in Port Vila in 2011
Viet Nam Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2014

6. Size estimates of FSW as proportion of adult female population (15-49) years
Source: Prepared by based on size estimates of FSW ( please see the information provided in the previous 2 slides) and adult female population (15-49) years is based on 2012 population based on UN Population Division. (2013). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision - Extended Dataset

7. Data availability of FSW in HIV sentinel surveillance surveys conducted between 2009 and 2013
Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka
Cambodia, Myanmar, Viet Nam
Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam
Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam
Source: Prepared by based on National HIV Sentinel Surveys and

8. Data availability of FSW in behavioral surveys conducted between 2009 and 2013
Afghanistan, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, PNG, Philippines, Viet Nam
Cambodia, Fiji, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan,
Afghanistan, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, PNG, Philippines, Timor Leste, Viet Nam
Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, PNG, Philippines, RO Korea, Singapore, Timor Leste, Thailand, Viet Nam
Source: Prepared by based on Behavioral Surveillance Surveys; Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; and

9. HIV prevalence and epidemiology

10. HIV prevalence among female sex workers, 2008-2014
Source: Prepared by based on Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; and

11. Geographic locations where HIV prevalence among FSW is higher than national prevalence, 2010-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys

12. HIV prevalence trends among FSW - ASEAN countries, where data is available, 2000-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3)

13. HIV prevalence trends among FSW - SAARC countries, where data is available, 2000-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3) UNAIDS Report on The Global AIDS Epidemic, 2010 ; and 4)

14. Proportion of heterosexual transmission among reported HIV cases, 2009-2014
Sources: Prepared by based on 1. UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2010; 2. Country Global AIDS Response Progress Reports 2012 to 2015; 3. Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Indonesia (Feb 2014). Situation Progress Report of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia in 2013 (Laporan Situasi Perkembangan HIV & AIDS di Indonesia tahun 2013, Kementerian Kesehatan RI 2013); 4. National Epidemiology Center Philippines. (2015). Philippines HIV/AIDS Registry: July 2015; 5. National AIDS Control Organisation India, Department of AIDS Control, & Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2012). Annual Report ; 6. Ministry of Health Malaysia (2014). HIV and AIDS Reporting System ( ).; 7. Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health Hong Kong. (2014). Hong Kong STD/AIDS Update, Vol. 19, No.1, Quarter ; 8. Ministry of Health and Population Nepal, National Center for AIDS and STD control. Factsheet Number 2: Cumulative cases in Nepal, As of Mangsir 2070 (Nov 2013)

15. HIV prevalence among FSW in geographical locations where rising HIV prevalence trends are observed,
Source: Prepared by based on 1. Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Health Ministry of Health Indonesia (2011). Progress Report HIV & AIDS Situation in Indonesia up to January 2011; 2. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (2011). IBBS Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey; 3. Robert Magnani, Pandu Riono, Nurhayati, et al. Sexual Risk Behaviors, HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections among Female Sex Workers in Indonesia, sti.bmj.com, published online June 3, 2010; 4. National AIDS Control Organization, India (2012) HIV Sentinel Surveillance : A Technical Brief; and 5. National HIV and STI Surveillance and Strategic Information Unit, National Epidemiology Center, DOH. Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance (IHBSS) Reports. Manila, Philippines.

16. Sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevalence among FSW, countries where data is available,
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3) Global AIDS Response Progress Reports

17. Risk behaviours

18. Average duration in the profession of selling sex among FSW, countries where data is available,
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys

19. Average number of clients among FSW, 2006-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys

20. Proportion of FSW who reported condom use at last sex, 2006-2014
Lao PDR has condom use at last sex data for 2014
Corrected year for Lao PDR
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting and

21. Proportion of consistent condom use among FSW with their clients
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Chhorvann, C. (2011). Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance Power Point Presentation. National Center for HIV/AIDS Dermatology and STD; 2) Thailand UNGASS Report 2010; 3) Erausquin, J. T., Biradavolu, M., et al. (2012). Trends in Condom Use among Female Sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India: The Impact of a Community Mobilisation Intervention. J Epidemiol Community Health, 66(2), ; 4) Mishra, R. M., Dube, M., et al. (2012). Changing Epidemiology of HIV in Mumbai: An Application of the Asian Epidemic Model. Glob J Health Sci, 4(5), ; 5) National Centre for HIV/AIDS Dermatology and STD Cambodia (2013) Cambodia STI Survey: Female Entertainment Workers

22. Proportion of FSW who reported consistent condom use with their clients, 2006-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys; 3) Li, D., Wang, L., Lin, W., Li, P., Guo, W., et al. (2014). HIV and syphilis infections among street-based female sex workers in China, Chin Med J, 127(4),

23. Proportion of FSW who inject drugs, 2008-2013
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys;

24. Violence

25. Proportion of female sex workers who were physically assaulted, 2006-2012
* Street-based FSW
Source: Prepared by based on Behavioural Surveys and Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys

26. Proportion of female sex workers who were physically assaulted or harassed by police or security personnel,
Source: Prepared by based on Ministry of Health and Population, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC). (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey among Female Sex Workers in 22 Terai Highway Districts of Nepal 2012 and Kelly, A., Kupul, M., Man, W. Y. N., Nosi, S., et al. (2011). Askim Na Save (Ask and Understand): People Who Sell and Exchange Sex in Port Moresby

27. Proportion of female sex workers who have been forced to have sex, 2008-2012
Source: Prepared by based on Behavioural Surveys and Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys

28. Proportion of FSW who were forced by clients for unprotected sex in the last 3 months, 2005-2008
* Last week
Source: Prepared by based on IBBS 2008 (Lao PDR) and STI Sentinel Survey 2005 (Cambodia)

29. Vulnerability and HIV knowledge

30. Proportion of FSW with comprehensive HIV knowledge, 2006-2012
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveys; 2) Behavioral Surveillance Surveys
3) UNAIDS. (2010). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.

31. HIV expenditure

32. HIV prevention spending in Asia and the Pacific – low on HIV prevention spending among sex workers and clients, latest available year reported by countries,
Prevention spending breakdown is not available for China and India
Source: Prepared by based on

33. Trends in HIV prevention spending on sex workers and clients out of total prevention spending, countries where HIV prevalence among FSW is more than 5%,
Source: Prepared by based on

34. Spending on HIV prevention programmes focused on sex workers and clients, 2009-2013
Source: Prepared by based on

35. Prevention spending on sex workers and clients is heavily dependent on international financing sources
Source: Prepared by based on

36. Proportion of AIDS spending by major spending category, Asia and the Pacific, 2009-2013
AIDS spending breakdown is not available for China and India
Source: Prepared by based on

37. Proportion of prevention spending by category, 2009-2013
Youth
Prevention mother-to-child
General prevention and others
Sex workers and their clients
People who inject drugs
Men who have sex with men
Note: Data from latest available year. China and India did not report prevention spending breakdown.
Source: Prepared by based on

38. National response

39. Proportion of FSW reached with HIV prevention programmes in the last 12 months, 2006-2014
Source: Prepared by based on

40. Proportion of FSW who received an HIV test in the last 12 months and know their results, 2006-2014
* Programme data
Data is not strictly comparable across countries since methods and sampling varied. In addition, many surveys were conducted in a few urban areas and it might not necessarily reflect prevailing conditions at the national level.
Source: Prepared by based on 1. Ministry of Health Indonesia.(2014). Recalculated HIV Testing Coverage presented at the Regional Management Meeting (RMM) 2014 using IBBS 2011 Data; and 2.

41. Trends in prevention coverage among FSW, 2009-2014
Source: Prepared by based on

42. Criminalize sex work in private Criminalize soliciting
Punitive laws hindering the HIV response among sex workers in South Asia
Criminalize sex work in private
Criminalize soliciting
Afghanistan
YES
Bangladesh NO
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, Data Hub, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

43. Criminalize soliciting
Punitive laws hindering the HIV response among sex workers in South-East Asia
Criminalize sex work
in private
Criminalize soliciting
Brunei
NOT ILLEGAL
YES
Cambodia NO
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
Not illegal- Generally not prohibited but exceptions apply
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, Data Hub, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

44. Criminalize soliciting
Punitive laws hindering the HIV response among sex workers in East Asia
Criminalize sex work
in private
Criminalize soliciting
China
YES
Japan
Mongolia
DRP Korea
Republic of Korea
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, Data Hub, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

45. Punitive laws hindering the HIV response among sex workers in Pacific
Criminalize sex work
in private
Criminalize soliciting
Fiji NO
YES
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
FSM*
Nauru
NO INFO
Palau
Papua New Guinea
NOT ILLEGAL
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Not illegal- Generally not prohibited but exceptions apply
*Federated States of Micronesia
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, Data Hub, UNDP, UNFPA, and UNODC. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific in October 2014

46. slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org
THANK YOU
slides compiled by
Data shown in this slide set are comprehensive to the extent they are available from country reports. Please inform us if you know of sources where more recent data can be used. Please acknowledge if slides are lifted directly from this site