1. The Need for Technological and Scientific Collaboration: Arctic Upper Atmospheric Research John D Kelly SRI International

2. The Sun-Earth System

3. The Aurora as Seen from the Ground

4. Space Weather Effects

5. Technology / Tools

6. Incoherent Scatter Radars of the World

7. Sondrestrom Incoherent Scatter Radar Facility Sondrestrom, Greenland The Sondrestrom Facility is operated by SRI International and funded by the National Science Foundation Photo by Craig Heinselman

8. European Incoherent SCATter Facilities (EISCAT) Tromsø 931 MHz Ultra High Frequency Radar Kiruna Ultra High Frequency Receiver and surrounding buildings Sodankylä Ultra High Frequency Receiver Svalbard Fixed 42 m and steerable 32 m UHF parabolic antennas 500 MHz Ultra High Frequency Radar The EISCAT is funded and operated by the research councils of Norway, Sweden, Finland, Japan, France, the United Kingdom and Germany. The Scandinavian facility consists of a transimitter/receiver station at Tromso, Norway, and receiver stations at Kiruna, Sweden and Sodankyla, Finland, and

9. AMISR A New Instrument for Imaging the Ionospheric Plasma Application of phased array technology to scientific instruments

10. AMISR Production Team SRI International –Project Management, Engineering, Panel integration, Deploymnent & test VECO Alaska, Inc. –Structure design, construction Sanmina-SCI –Electronic manufacturing of AEUs & PCUs SSPA Vendor –Currently Comtech

11. AMISR Deployments Jicamarca Peru –October 2004 –8 panels Gakona, AK (HAARP) –January 2005 –8 panels Poker Flat, AK –November 2005 –32 panels

12. AMISR Collaborators –MIT Millstone Radar(data distrubution ) –Sanmina-Sci (subassembly manufacturing) –University of Calgary (research) –University of Alaska – Fairbanks (Poker Flat site support & research) –Center for Remote Sensing (DAQ) –VECO Alaska Inc. (construction)

13. First AMISR Face – Poker Flat, Alaska

14. Resolute Bay Observatory (RBO) Resolute Bay, Canada The RBO is operated by SRI International and funded by the National Science Foundation

15. Need for Collaboration Big Picture of Polar Cap Phenomenon Complex, Coupled System Multiple Locations Large, Complex, Expensive Instrumentation required Technology, Multiple Sensor (radar, optical, spaceborne)

16. Arctic Research Arctic System Science Air Land Sea People History Animals Plants Climate Snow & Ice Water Systems Coast Environment Pollution Arctic Upper Atmosphere Sun Magnetic Field –Earth –Solar Atmospheric Chemistry Plasma Physics Aurora Modeling

17. Approach to Collaboration Form Consortium –High Latitude Observatories Sondrestrom EISCAT AMISR, Poker Flat & Resolute Bay Formal Structure –URSI (coordinate schedule for ground based facilities) –Science Initiatives CEDAR GEM

18. Arctic Upper Atmospheric Observatories

19. Benefits of Collaboration Allows Studies of Arctic upper Atmosphere from Holistic point of View Promote Data Sharing Access to Increased Funding With Common Goals –Agencies fund groups with common goals vs individual goals –Promotes continuity in funded programs

20. Obstacles to Collaboration Competition Complexity of Instrument Dictates Focus / Consumes Resources Focus is on Using Local Instrument Lack of Overarching Driver

21. Thank You