1. Ⅰ Overview Ⅱ Swimming Modes 1. Fin modes 2. Body trunk mode Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design 1. Drag forces 2. Swimming at constant speed 3. Active, pelagic species 4. Cost of swimming 5. Fast-start performance 6. Swimming specialist and generalists Ⅳ Swimming Muscle and Tail Beat Frequencies Ⅴ Muscle Structure and Fibre Types 1. Red muscle 2. White muscle 3. Fibre contraction properties 4. Muscle fibre arrangements Ⅵ Swimming Activity Swimming and Movement through the Water

2. Ⅶ Energetics of Swimming 1. Physiological changes during burst swimming 2. Oxygen debt 3. Aenobic and anaerobic capacity amony species 4. Environmental effects on swimming performance Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder 1. Neutral buoyancy 2. Size 3. Gas exchange a. gas retention b. gas secretion and resorption c. gas retention at great depth Ⅸ Static and Dynamic Lift Ⅹ Fin Position vs. Steering and Breaking 1. Braking 2. Steering Ⅺ Conclusion

3. Swimming and Movement through the Water Ⅰ Overview

8. Ⅱ Swimming Modes 1. Fin modes 2. Body trunk mode

11. Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design 1. Drag forces

12. 3. Active, pelagic species Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design 2. Swimming at constant speed

13. 4. Cost of swimming Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design

14. Ⅳ Swimming Muscle and Tail Beat Frequencies Ⅴ Muscle Structure and Fibre Types 1. Red muscle Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design 5. Fast-start performance 6. Swimming specialist and generalists 2. White muscle

17. 3. Fibre contraction properties Ⅴ Muscle Structure and Fibre Types

20. Ⅵ Swimming Activity Ⅶ Energetics ofSwimming 1. Physiological changes during burst swimming 2. Oxygen debt

22. Ⅵ Swimming Activity 3. Aerobic and Anaerobic capacity among species 4. Environmental effects on metabolism and swimming performance

23. 1. Neutral buoyancy Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder 2. Swim bladder size

25. Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder 2. Swim bladder size

27. Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder 3. Gas exchange

28. a. gas retention Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder

32. b. gas secretion and resorption

33. c. gas retention at great depth

34. Ⅸ Static and Dynamic Lift

37. Ⅹ Fin Position vs. Steering and Breaking

38. 1. Braking 2. Steering

39. Ⅺ Ecormorphology and Swimming Performance