1. D. C. MIKULECKY PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY AND FACULTY MENTORING PROGRAM

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AFFERENT NERVES EFFERENT NERVES EXTERO- RECEPTORS INTERO- RECEPTORS SOMATICAUTONOMIC EFFECTOR ORGANS SKELETAL MUSCLES SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLES AND GLANDS

3. MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION OF THE CNS  Glial Cells: physical and metabolic support  Skull and Spinal Column  Cerebrospinal fluid  Blood-brain barrier  Blood supply

4. GLIAL CELLS OR NEUROGLIA :  PHYSICAL AND METABOLIC SUPPORT  90% OF CELLS IN BRAIN  FOUR TYPES: ASTROCYTES, OLIGODENDROCYTES, EPENDYMAL CELLS, AND MICROGLIA

5. Skull and Spinal Column  PROVIDE MECHANICAL SUPPORT  PROTECTS THE NEURAL AND SUPPORTING TISSUE

6. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID  DENSITY IS THE SAME AS BRAIN  SHOCK ABSORBER

7. Blood-brain barrier  LIMITS ACCESS OF BLOOD MATERIALS TO BRAIN TISSUE  PROTECTS BRAIN FROM FLUCTUATIONS IN BLOOD LEVELS

8. STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN  BRAIN STEM  CEREBELLUM  FOREBRAIN

10. THE FOREBRAIN  THE DIENCEPHALON  THE CEREBRUM

11. THE DIENCEPHALON  HYPOTHALAMUS  THALAMUS

12. THE CEREBRUM  BASAL NUCLEI  CEREBRAL CORTEX

14. WHITE AND GRAY  GRAY MATTER - MAINLY CELL BODIES  WHITE MATTER - MYELINATED AXONS

15. SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURES  BASAL GANGLIA  THALAMUS  HYPOTHALAMUS  LIMBIC SYSYTEM

16. BASAL GANGLIA  PLAY A COMPLEX ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT  INHIBIT MUSCLE TONE THROUGHOUT BODY  SUPPRESS USELESS OR UNWANTED PATTERNS OF MOVEMENT

17. THALAMUS  RELAY STATION  HELP US DIRECT OUR ATTENTION  FILTERS OUT INSIGNIFICANT SIGNALS

18. HYPOTHALAMUS  REGULATES HOMEOSTATIC FUNCTIONS  THIRST AND URINE OUTPUT  FOOD INTAKE  HORMONE SECRETION  BODY TEMPERATURE  AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM’S COORDINATING CENTER

19. LIMBIC SYSTEM  COMPLEX NETWORK OF FOREBRAIN STRUCTURES  EMOTIONS  BASIC SURVIVAL  SOCIOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR  MOTIVATION  LEARNING

20. BEHAVIOR AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS  NOREPINEPHRINE  DOPAMINE  SEROTONIN

21. LEARNING AND MEMORY  SHORT TERM VS LONG TERM  WORKING MEMORY  ASSOCIATIVE VS CONDITIONED  MULTIPLE LOCATIONS

22. THE MOTOR CORTEX  SOMATOTOPIC ORGANIZATION  DESCENDING PATHWAYS  SENSORY FEEDBACK

23. CORTICAL AREAS INVOVED IN MOTOR CONTROL

25. SOMATOTOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE MOTOR CORTEX

26. THE SPINAL CORD IN SOMATIC SENSORY FUNCTION  WHITE AND GREY MATTER  SEGMENTAL ORGANIZATION

27. SEGMENTAL STRUCTURE OF SPINAL NERVES DERMATOMES

28. SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN GREY MATTER DORSAL VENTRAL SPINAL NERVE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION VENTRAL HORN WHITE MATTER LATERAL

29. THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX

30. SOMATOTOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE SENSORY CORTEX

31. MOTIVATIONAL SYSTEMS  HUNGER  THIRST  SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

32. HUNGER LACK OF FOOD REDUCED AVAILABILITY OF GLUCOSE CONTRACTIONS OF EMPTY STOMACH LOW TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN FAT CELLS GLUCOSE RECEPTORS IN HYPOTHALAMUS MECHANO- RECEPTORS IN STOMACH PANCREAS HUNGER

33. THIRST WATER DEFICIENCY OSMORECEPTORS IN SUPRAOPTIC AND SUPRA- VENTRICULAR NUCLEI OF HYPOTHALAMUS THIRST ADH SERETION BY PITUITARY WATER RETENTION BY KIDNEY

34. SEXUAL BEHAVIOR  ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS ORGANIZES RESPONSES TO PHERMONES  OLIFACTORY CUES SENT TO PYRIFORM CORTEX AND AMYGDALA AND INDIRECTLY TO HYPOTHALAMUS  ANDROGENS DETERMINE RELEASE OF LEUTINIZING HORMONE- CONSTANT OR CYCLIC

35. LEARNING AND MEMORY  ASSOSCIATIVE VS NONASSOCIATIVE LEARNING  SHORT AND LONG TERM MEMORY  NEURONAL PATHWAYS  SPLIT BRAIN STUDIES  CELLULAR MANIFESTATIONS  USE AND DISUSE

36. LOCALIZATION OF LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATION MOTOR PROGRAMS COMPREHENSION

37. LATERALITY OF BRAIN FUNCTION  RIGHT AND LEFT BRAIN  GENDER DIFFERENCES

38. RIGHT AND LEFT BRAIN  RIGHT HEMISPHERE: SPATIAL ABILITIES  LEFT HEMISPHERE: MUSICAL ABILITY

39. GENDER DIFFERENCES  MALES TEND TO EXHIBIT MORE LATERALIZATION OF SPECIFIC TASKS  FEMALES USE BOTH HEMISPHERES MORE SYMMETRICALLY

40. ANATOMY OF THE CEREBELLUM Floculonodular Lobe Lateral Zone Intermediate Zone

42. SOMATIC SENSORY PROJECTIONS ONTO THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX

43. THE BASAL GANGLIA

44. THE FLEXOR WITHDRAWAL REFLEX  PAINFUL STIMULUS DETECTED  IPSILATERAL EXTENSORS INHIBITED  IPSILATERAL EXTENSORS EXCITED  LIMB IS WITHDRAWN  IF INVOLVING ONE FOOT WHILE STANDING, CONTRALATERAL SIDE EXTENSORS ACTIVATED AND FLEXORS INHIBITED TO SUPPORT GREATER WEIGHT

45. FLEXOR WITHDRAWAL REFLEX STEPON TACK SENSORY SIGNAL TO SPINE VIA INTERNEURONS IPSILATERAL EXTENSORS INHIBITED IPSILATERAL FLEXORS CONTRACT-LEG LIFTS CONTRALATERAL EXTENSORS CONTRACT CONTRALATERAL FLEXORS INHIBITED- MAINTAIN BALANCE AND SUPPORT WEIGHT