2. Structure of the Hungarian population in employment by ESeC Based on LFS and Census 2001 Elizabeth Lindner Hungarian Central Statistical Office

3. Background n There is a quite long tradition in Hungary studying socio-economic groups in the society n After transition emerged as a new challenge how to define the strata n Sociologist based their examination on traditions before world war II and latest international experiences EGP, ESeC

4. Census as the best data source for socio-economic classification n The first study was made on Census 1990. The biggest problem was, that the HSCO was introduced in 1994, so only a sample was recoded according to the new HSCO n Census 2001 used the new HSCO, OUGs of which gave the base of Hungarian version of ESeC

5. Hungarian socio- economic classification n ESeC based n Occupation unit groups came directly from HSCO n Four-level, nested classification, with 7,11 (9+2),15 and 35 categories n Published in 2004 with more than 200 tables and detailed analyses

6. Hungarian ESeC based on LFS n Work started in 2005 with the second version of ESeC n Based on ISCO 4 digit codes (In Hungary there is a direct cross- walk between OUGs of HSCO and ISCO, but there are about 50 OUGs ind HSCO which are re- coded according to the short description of the occupation in the LFS)

7. Comparison of results from different versions

8. Stratification of the Hungarian employed population

9. Problematic areas in ESeC for Hungary n According to the latest version of ESeC 49% of employed are in 7, 8, 9 groups. (28% in HU-V, 38% in V2) n If we look at lower and routine occupations (ESeC 6-9) there is no difference to V2 about half of the employment belongs to them while by HU-V only 40%, by V3 even worth the situation above 60% of employed belongs to the ESec 6-9. Group of intermediate occupations seems to be unbelivable weak

10. ESeC cross tabulation with ISCED n Even in group 9 routine occupation only 2.6% has ISCED 1; 44% has ISCED 2 qualification while 39% have ISCED3C; 17% ISCED 3A n However in HU-V 9 group has significantly lower level educational attainment (ISCED 1=5.2%; ISCED 2 =61%; ISCED 3C=25% ) n Occasional work is 3 times higher in group HU-V 9 than in ESeC 9.

11. Pros and Cons the new ESeC n Pros: in Hungary quite big share in employment with employees status above 70%. n Supervisory activity within employed is not very frequent only 14% mentioned. n Cons: Service relationship and labour contract is a „soft” distinction it is impossible to measure in labour force suvey. (In Hungary all contracted employees are covered by health and pension scheme.)

12. Possible subgroups of ESec 10 In Hungary employment rate of working age population is low, 7% of 15-64 age population is not present in the labour market. Active groups: n Unemployed Inactive groups: u Retired (ageing problem) u Students u Child-care leavers u Permanently Sick, disabled u Discouraged u Never worked