1. Narragansett Bay Environmental Monitoring Li-Ling Yang Roger Williams University

2. Research Focus What are seasonal fluctuations of nitrate in Narragansett Bay and the processes that may affect these fluctuations?

3. Context : Brief History of Narragansett Bay Brief History of Narragansett Bay 1901- The Providence Sewage Treatment System is put into operation. 1910- Providence's sewage treatment plant begins to run into problems due to inadequacies of the chemical precipitation process and the continuing growth of the City. 1970's- In the absence of a continuous maintenance program, the condition of the Field Point plant declines to the point where nearly 65 million gallons of untreated or partially treated sewage flow into Rhode Island waters everyday

4. Context (Cont’d) Brief History of Narragansett Bay (Cont’d) Brief History of Narragansett Bay (Cont’d) 1973- The US EPA orders the City of Providence to address the chronic pollution problem associated with the aged Field Point WWTF and CSO discharges, which violate the Clean Water Act. 1979- Governor Garrahy creates a Governor's Sewerage Facilities Task Force to address the EPA mandates. 1999-2001- RIDEM reviews and approves the NBC Combined Sewer Overflow Abatement Plan, a 3-phase, 20-year comprehensive project to end CSO discharges into Upper Narragansett Bay. 1999-2001- RIDEM reviews and approves the NBC Combined Sewer Overflow Abatement Plan, a 3-phase, 20-year comprehensive project to end CSO discharges into Upper Narragansett Bay.

5. Context: Significance of Monitoring Narragansett Bay Nutrient Concentrations and Water quality Significance of Monitoring Narragansett Bay Nutrient Concentrations and Water quality   Tidal wetlands are dynamic ecosystems of high biological productivity that provide essential habitats for fish, birds, amphibians and many species of invertebrates. However, they are among some of the ecosystems most affected by human activities.   Narragansett Bay, a bay and estuary on the north side of Rhode Island Sound which forms New England's largest estuary, is one such example.bayestuaryRhode Island Sound   Successful restoration and preservation efforts therefore require a careful evaluation of historic patterns of change along with continuous, long-term monitoring programs.

6. Method Define a problem to be investigated Get familiar and describe the study area by visiting Narragansett Bay Commission website http://www.narrabay.com/ http://www.narrabay.com/ Hypothesis what processes may affect nitrate concentrations and transport in Narragansett Bay Locate the six monitoring stations in Narragansett Bay on the map by visiting the website of National Estuarine Research Reserve System’s Centralized Data Management Office http://cdmo.baruch.sc.edu/QueryPages/view stations.cfm?Site_ID=nar

7. Method (Cont’d) Get familiar with the archived and near-real time water and nutrient data from the different stations Plot nitrate, water depth, salinity and temperature measured at one of the stations during 2006 for the following dates: January 9-14, March 9-14, June 9-14 and September 9- 14. Examine the graphs and see if there is any rhythmic or consistent pattern. Pay attention to the differences in the trends observed between the different months.

8. Data Summary: A Sample

9. Data Summary Temperature and nitrate charts display reverse trends. Temperature and nitrate charts display reverse trends. Salinity and Nitrate charts display somewhat similar trends. Salinity and Nitrate charts display somewhat similar trends. No clear relationship is shown between the depth and nitrate concentration. No clear relationship is shown between the depth and nitrate concentration.

10. Conclusion Certain relationships could be found between nitrate concentrations and some water data in Narragansett Bay. Certain relationships could be found between nitrate concentrations and some water data in Narragansett Bay.

11. Implications Based on the findings, predict and draw a map of how nitrate enters and circulates through the Narragansett Bay. Use the data set available in the website of National Estuarine Research Reserve System’s to support or refute your predictions. Redraw the map according to your findings.

12. Educator Implications Walk students through the data cleaning process. Different data sets might have different formats, time ranges, etc. Walk students through the data cleaning process. Different data sets might have different formats, time ranges, etc.