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Open versus closed kinetic chain
Dr. Ali Abd El-Monsif Thabet
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Open-Chain Exercises Open-chain exercises involve motions in which the distal segment (hand or foot) is free to move in space, without necessarily causing simultaneous motions at adjacent joints.
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Closed-Chain Exercises
Closed-chain exercises involve motions in which the body moves on a distal segment that is fixed or stabilized on a support surface.
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Advantages and disadvantaged of open versus closed kinetic chain
Open- and closed-kinetic-chain exercises offer advantages and disadvantages in the rehabilitation process. The choice to use one. or the other depends on the desired treatment goal.
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Carryover to Function and Injury Prevention
There is evidence to demonstrate that both open- and closed-chain exercises effectively improve muscle strength, power, and endurance. Exercises should be incorporated into a rehabilitation program that simulate the desired functions .
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Carryover to Function and Injury Prevention
The majority of activities performed in daily living, such as walking, climbing, and rising to a standing position, as well as in most sport activities, involve a closed-kinetic-chain system. With the exception of a kicking movement, there is no question that closed-kinetic-chain exercises are more sport- or activity-specific, involving exercise that more closely approximates the desired activity.
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The Concurrent Shift in a Kinetic Chain
The concept of the concurrent shift applies to Particular muscles that have distinctive muscle actions within the kinetic chain during weight-bearing activities. For example, the rectus femoris and hamstring in squat to stand exercises.
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The effect of open versus closed kinetic chain exercises on knee joint
Two critical forces at the knee joint A shear force occurs in a posterior direction that would cause the tibia to translate anteriorly if not checked by soft tissue constraints (primarily the anterior cruciate ligament). The second force is a compressive force directed along a longitudinal axis of the tibia. Weight-bearing exercises increase joint compression, which enhances joint stability.
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The effect of open versus closed kinetic chain exercises on knee joint
In an open-kinetic-chain seated knee joint exercise, as a resistive force is applied to the distal tibia, the shear and compressive forces would be maximized When a resistive force is applied more proximally. shear force is significantly reduced, as is the compressive force. If the resistive force is applied in a more axial direction, the shear force is also smaller . If a hamstring co-contraction occurs, the shear force is minimized.
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The effect of open versus closed kinetic chain exercises on knee joint
Closed-kinetic-chain exercises induce hamstring contraction by creating a flexion moment at both the hip and the knee, with the contracting hamstrings stabilizing hip and the quadriceps stabilizing the knee. Co-contraction of the hamstring muscles helps to counteract the tendency of the quadriceps to cause anterior tibial translation. efficient in reducing shear force
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OPEN-VERSUS CLOSED-KINETIC-CHAIN ACTIVITIES IN THE UPPER EXTREMITY
the upper extremity is most functional as an open-kinetic-chain system. Most sport activity involve movement of the upper extremity in which hand moves freely. These activities are generally dynamic movements, often occurring at high velocity such as throwing a baseball, serving a tennis ball spiking a volleyball. In these movements, the proximal segments of the kinetic chain are used for stabilization while the distal segments have a high degree of mobility.
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Figure 8 Leg-press exercise.
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Figure 7 Stairmaster stepping machine
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Figure 9 Terminal knee extensions using surgical tubing resistance.
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Figure 10 Stationary bicycle
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Figure11 Balance board exercise.
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Thank you
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