2. Primate Suborders Figure 10.1: Summary of traditional primate classification.

3. PROSIMIANS Lemurs Lorises Tarsiers

5. Pygmy slow loris Nocturnal (large eyes, some lack color vision) Grooming claws

6. Elongated snout “dog like” (especially in lemurs)

7. Mouse lemur Moist noses (except for Tarsiers )

8. Locomotion: Vertical Clinging and Leaping Bush baby (loris)Tarsier

9. SUBORDER ANTHROPOID (monkeys, apes, humans) Larger body size Greater reliance on vision Complex social structures Larger, more complex brains Infraorders: PlatyrrhiniCattarrhini New World monkeysOld world monkeys Apes Humans

10. Monkeys (Old World and New World) True Quadrapedal locamotion (Branch walking) Tails

11. Infraorder Platyrrhini (New World Monkeys)

12. Platyrrhini Arboreal Flat nose Claw-like nails (in some)

13. Platyrrhini Prehensile tails (in some) Partial opposability 2-1-3-3 dental formula

14. Infraorder Catterhini (Old world monkeys, apes, humans) dental formula: 2-1-2-3 Superfamily: CercopithecoideaHominoidea Old world monkeysLesser apes Great apes Humans

15. Cercopithecoidea (old world monkeys) Both terrestrial and arboreal Tails, not prehensile

16. Cercopithecoidea Fully opposable thumbs Legs longer than arms

17. Hominoidea (Apes and Humans) Built for brachiation/ suspensory climbing No tails Precise opposibility Large body size Expanded Neo-cortex, increased learning Variable diet, 5Y molars Families: HylobatideaPongidaeHominidea (Lesser Apes)(Great Apes)Humans GibbonsOrangatan SiamangsGorillas Chimps Bonobos

18. Hylobatidae (Lesser Apes) Brachiation (suspensory climbers) No tails

19. Lesser Apes Arms longer than legs Arboreal

20. Pogidae (Great Apes) Africa: Gorillas, Chimps, Bonobos Asia: Orangatans

21. Locomotion: Arms longer than legs Knuckle walking Semi-upright posture

22. Hominidae (Humans) Bipedal stance No tails Legs longer than arms

23. Hominidea Social Cultural Precision grasp strong thumbs

24. Long postnatal dependencey Slow maturation