1. Radiation Protection Aspects LHC Performance Workshop 25 th September 2014 D. Forkel-Wirth, P. Carbonez, A. Goehring-Crinon, D. Perrin, S. Roesler, H. Vincke, L. Ulrici on behalf of DGS-RP/HSE Unit

2. Table of Content Regulatory landscape of Radiation Protection Radiation Protection issues in LS1 – preparatory phase – operational phase Radiation Protection in LS2 - outlook – operational aspects – regulatory aspects Roadmap towards LS2 Conclusion 2 LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

3. Regulatory Landscape (I) CERN RP Mission:  Ensure protection of people against ionizing radiation  Enable experiments and facilities to operate in compliance with RP rules  Protect CERN’s reputation CERN Safety Code F Area Classification Exemption Limits for radioactive material ALARA Dosimetry … CERN Safety Code F Area Classification Exemption Limits for radioactive material ALARA Dosimetry … ICRP IAEA EU CH FR LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014 3

4. Regulatory Landscape (II) 4 Tripartite Agreement on RP and RS “Commission de la concertation sociale” Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM New Swiss RP Ordinance CERN Safety Code F Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM CERN Radiation Protection Manual “INB Convention” 1994 Swiss RP Ordinance Decret 2003-96 Protection des travailleurs contre des rayonnements ionisants 2018 2014 2016 2010 2012 2006 2008 LS2 LS1 1996 2000 LHC operation LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

5. LS1 Operational Landscape 45 km of radiation areas :  LINACs  PSB-PS-SPS (~ 15 km)  LHC (27 km) 5 Target Areas Experimental areas LHC experiments RIB facility ISOLDE – Class A and C labs n-TOF – Class A LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014 5

6. LS1 Preparatory Phase New RP training: Face2face training course “Controlled Radiation Area” - September 2012 e-learning “Supervised Radiation Area” February 2013 RP training center on-site - September 2013 Job and dose planning: CERN HSE objective 2013/14 - DG New Years Speech: individual dose < 3 mSv/year Implementation of new operational dosimetry system – March 2013 Integration of operational dosimetry system into IMPACT - March 2013 Database of all CERN radiation areas - RAISIN LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014 + RP TrainingParticipants e-learning4767 Face2face (Sofranext) 1401 Face2face (CERN-HSE) FR 241 Face2Face (CERN-HSE) EN 582 6

7. LS1 – ALARA Committees before optimization after optimization Total estimated collective dose for ALARA 3 interventions in LS1: before optimization : 840 mSv - after optimization : 423mSv SPS –LSS1 phase 2 Collective dose [mSv] ISOLDE Cabling LHC IR 3-7 PS CV PS Beam Dump SPS –LSS1 phase 1PS Magnets TCC2/TDC2 works SPS –LSS1 phase 3 ISOLDE TCC2/TDC2 Cabling 11 jobs for approval Courtesy: T. Wijnands, EN LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014 7

8. Dosimetry 8 One worker with 4.2 mSv /LS1 Two workers above 3 mSv/12 months (3.1 mSv and 3.4 mSv) 1 st March 2013 to 31 July 2014 DIS: 13345 assignments DMC: 1500 used DIS LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

9. LS1 – Key Figures (I) 9 Radiation Surveys Man weeks PS2 SPS16 LHC16 Total34 FacilityImpact validated by RP LHC1717 SPS876 BA8070 CNGS/AWAKE34 PS379 BOOSTER163 AD131 ISOLDE145 nTOF82 TOTAL3597 TREC RP checks of components 34138 components measured 2982 t radioactive components 2302 t radioactive waste 680 t Work and dose planning included! LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

10. LS1 Key Figures (II) 10 DepartureRadioactive Transports Meyrin1145 Prevessin527 SPS and LHC738 TOTAL2410 Export/Import of radioactive goods Export50 Import36 Laboratory measurements ϒ-spectrometry2729 Alpha-, beta- contamination 7318 InstrumentsCalibrated ARCON/RAMSES detectors 420 DIS dosimeters12734 LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014 163 new detector channels installed

11. LS1 Key Figures (III) 11 Radioactive Waste LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

12. Non-Conformities 12 Checks of conventional material and waste Radioactive items Conventional waste bins on CERN sites 56 Recuperation Center8 Trucks (gate monitor in Prevessin) 16 Costs: up to 0.5 Mill CHF! LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

13. LHC in LS2 LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014 13 Dose rate increase by a factor 3 to 4 (Fluka calculations based on presently known scenarios)

14. 14 ATLAS in LS2 ATLAS in LS1 ATLAS/CMS in LS2: Increase of dose rate by a factor of 2 – 3 Exchange of some steel components by aluminum -> decrease of dose rates Supervised Radiation Area for major part of cavern Limited Stay Area around Forward Shielding and Inner Detector LHCb/ALICE: no change (Supervised Radiation Area) LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

15. Storage of Radioactive Material 15 LS1 – storage space request to GS: 2450 m 2 for TE 12 euro palettes for BE 13 m 2 for EN 30 m 2 for CMS Highly radioactive: 7 septas 16 magnets and 4 quadrupoles Could be fulfilled! But: No storage capacity left for heavy material Rack space for few euro palettes available Extension Courtesy: P. Muffat/GS Proposal LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

16. 16 Radioactive Waste Estimate (status February 2013) Waste received LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

17. Regulatory Changes Intersite Radioactive Transport – according to International Transport Rules (ADR) 17 ADR Transport containers already in use Thanks to EN! But: some arrangements with regard to ADR rules still to be discussed in tripartite process (for the sake of an efficient CERN operation) Solving of practical issues: Filling and emptying of ADR containers not yet always ALARA conform due to space constraints, etc. LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

18. Regulatory Changes Exemption Limits for radioactive material Clarification of responsibilities between CERN and employer with respect to classification and dose follow-up of workers: – Contractors – Associated Members of Personnel (MPA) – to be improved in collaboration with Medical Service (GS) 18 IsotopeLS1LS2 22Na3 Bq/g0.1 Bq/g 54Mn10 Bq/g0.1 Bq/g 60Co1 Bq/g0.1 Bq/g ? LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

19. Roadmap Towards LS2 (I) Communication – still room for improvement Technical Specifications – early involvement of RP required RP- training Individual dosimetry Operational dosimetry - but pools to be favoured Forecasts for dose rates in LS2 available (LHC: Monte Carlo, injectors and auxiliaries: REX) 19 LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

20. Roadmap Towards LS2 (II) CERN’s ALARA approach Worksite planning and managing: AD stripline repair, Booster beam dump exchange, SMACC should be used as very good examples! Concerns: – Language problems – Information flow between contractor foreman and workers – Technically unskilled workers may cause unjustified doses – Cleaning of the worksite – End of shut-down cleaning – left to Technical Coordinator and RP 20 LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

21. Roadmap Towards LS2 (III) Radiological Characterization will be a challenge (RP) Transport rules to be finalized (RP/RS Tripartite with RP and EN input) Needs for general radioactive workshops (Bat 109) to be identified – all requests during LS1 had been fulfilled (Departments, Experiments, EN, RP) Estimate of storage needs for radioactive material to be done for accelerator and experiments - storage space missing already today! (Departments via RSO, Experiments via RSO, GS, RP) Waste estimate exists, but waste storage capacities depend on operation of Radioactive Waste Treatment Center Concerns: – CMS still occupying space in ISR3 and Bat 184 but ready to move out – Agreement on project support by GS-SE pending 21 LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

22. Conclusion 1129 man-mSv collective dose since 1 st March 2013 Only two workers slightly exceeded the CERN dose objective of 3 mSv/year ALARA became an essential and natural part of CERN culture ALARA became an essential and natural part of CERN culture Roadmap towards LS2 identified – thanks to “Dry-Run” LS1 Roadmap towards LS2 identified – thanks to “Dry-Run” LS1 22 LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014

23. Acknowledgement Y. Algoet L. Bruno N. Conan A. Day Y. Donjoux A. Dorsival G. Dumont J. Germa A. Herve M. Magistris R. Michaud Y. Pira Ch. Tromel M. Widorski 23 LHC Performance Workshop Chamonix 2014