1. Chapter 19 World War I

2. Causes of war Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliance System

3. Nationalism A devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation Often led to competitive and antagonistic rivalries between countries

4. Imperialism Countries who slowly build and extend their empires all around the world

5. Militarism Growth of Militaries to protect the Empire Used as a tool of diplomacy

6. Alliance Systems When Countries begin allying themselves with other countries Sometimes done secretly to avoid conflict Usually performed for military protection from invasion “Little man’s” syndrome

7. Two basic Allied Structures The Triple Entente France Britain Russia The Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Ottoman Empire

8. Map of Division

9. The Spark that Ignited the war

10. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Ferdinand (Austrian) was visiting Serbia on a peace mission Grivilo Princip of the Black hand Political party assassinated Ferdinand July 28 Austria- 0Hungary declared war on Serbia

11. Like dominoes, one country after the other were sucked into the war

12. Trench Warfare Britain Germany

13. Inside the Trench

14. System of Trenches and their purpose

15. What is America’s Response at the onset of war? Neutrality

16. The War comes to America British Blockades Unrestricted U-boat warfare Sinking of the Lusitania Zimmerman Telegram

17. British Blockades Attempting to cut German supplies Seized American Ships Restricted American trading practices Violated trade agreements between US and other European countries

18. Unrestricted U-Boat warfare Germany’s response to the blockade would be that their U- boats would sink any British vessel around the coast of France There would be no warning from the attackers

19. The Lusitania

20. "We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal or alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to re-conquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England in a few months to make peace." Signed, ZIMMERMANN.

21. As a result of the previous events America has no choice but to declare war on Germany and enter the war

22. America Mobilizes Selective service Act Mass Production

23. The convoy system

24. War I New weapons

25. Hazards of War Dysentery Trench foot Toes would rot off one’s foot Trench Mouth Shell Shock Enormous fatalities because of fighting style and the advancement of weapons

26. Heroes Alvin York Eddie Rickenbacker

27. Eleventh Hour on the Eleventh Day of the Eleventh Month Armistice was signed

28. Final Toll The Bloodiest Battle in History 37,798,686 casualties 20 Million wounded 10 Million refugees Total Cost was $338 billion dollars

30. Fighting the War at Home War Industries Board – WIB Selling the war at home – Bonds Propaganda Espionage and Sedition Acts –Fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in prison for interfering with the war effort

31. Social Change The Great Migration Women in the workforce The Flu epidemic

32. Woodrow Wilson’s Plan The plan to end the war became known as the fourteen point plan All world leaders met at Versailles in Paris The treaty is the Treaty of Versailles

33. Fourteen Point Plan 1. There should be no secret treaties 2. Freedom of the seas should be maintained 3. Tariffs should be lowered to promote trade 4. Peace time militaries should be reduced 5. Colonial Policies should consider the interests of the colonial people 6-13 The next eight dealt with boundary changes 14. Established the League of Nations The plan was rejected

34. Signed what is today the Treaty of Versailles Nine new nations Barred Germany from maintaining an army Forced Germany to sign a war guilt clause War reparations of $33 billion to the Allies

35. “The War to End All Wars” The American view of WWI

36. “ It cannot be that 2 million Germans should have fallen in vain… No, we do not pardon, we demand vengeance.” -World War I Veteran