2. Fall, 2015

3. Objective #1 §You will learn that science is about investigating and understanding the world around you.

4. True-False Continuum §In science the term “a fair test” means that everyone gets a chance to use the equipment. §The term “hypothesis” means the same thing as a guess. §Wool keeps things warmer longer than cotton.

5. §Most kitchens contain acidic foods. §Car companies make car tires out of rubber because they are waterproof. §You can speed up the rate which ice will melt by wrapping it up in a wooly scarf. §Measuring accurately is the most useful skill of all to learn in science. §You can only cut a diamond with another diamond.

6. WORD SPLASH §hypothesis §fair test §material §property §prediction §evidence §measure §flexible §transparent §heat §skill

7. Objective 2 §You will learn how to conduct an experiment.

8. §Title: A Coffee Filter and a Black Dot §Problem: What happens when you dip a strip of coffee filter with a dot from a black marker in tap water? §Hypothesis:

9. Procedure 1)Measure 25 mL of tap water in a beaker. 2)Pour the water carefully into the transparent, plastic cup. 3)Measure 2 cm from the end of a coffee filter paper and draw a horizontal line in pencil. 4)Draw a black dot 1 cm above the pencil line. 5)Dip the paper in the water being careful to hold the pencil line on the surface of the water. Do NOT let the black dot enter the water.

10. Procedure: §You are going to redo the coffee filter experiment as a group. §You will each do your jobs in order for the lab to go smoothly. §You will then answer the questions as a group in your lab notebook. §You will clean up and make sure all of the materials are put away. §Please give your lab notebooks to the teacher.

11. Lab Questions: 1)What were the steps that you did in this investigation? 2)Draw, label and color a diagram what the coffee filter looked like before you placed the strip in the water before the colors appeared. l Label the coffee filter, the black dot, the cup, the pencil line and the water. 3)Draw and describe, with complete sentences, what happened. 4)What did you discover about black ink? 5)How do you know this? What was the evidence?

12. Training Days Assessment Your investigation must: 1.Be an appropriate way to investigate this challenge 2.Show you have made systematic, accurate observations and measurements 3.Show that you have included in your approach ways to improve the reliability of your test 4.Show that you have drawn conclusions based on the evidence 5.Be written up using appropriate scientific words and in an appropriate way

13. Objective #3 §You will be able to explain what a fair test is for an experiment.

14. Objective 4 §You will conduct an experiment to test if a substance is an acid or a base.

15. Type of Substance Color of red cabbage indicator Vinegar Lemon juice Lime juice Bottled water Distilled water Baking soda Orange juice

17. §The scientific process is the way or procedure of testing ideas to solve a problem.

18. §Title: is the name of the experiment or study §Example: It’s all about Changing the Length of the Ears 1

19. §Problem: §Problem: is the question to be solved in the study in a complete sentence. §Example: How does the size of the ears affect the time it takes the Bugs- o-copter to reach the ground? 2

20. §An educated guess of the solution to your problem in a complete sentence. l Do not use “Yes or No.” l Do not use “because.” l Example: The short-eared Bugs-o-copter will reach the ground before the long-eared one. 3

21. §A clearly written hypothesis: 1.is always written in the form of a statement and answers the question. 2.uses the same word pattern as the question. 3.is brief and to the point.

22. Write a hypothesis for each problem. §1. Problem: How does the size of a balloon affect the speed it will travel? The bigger the balloon, the slower it will travel. §2. Problem: Does hot water freeze faster than cold water? Hot water freezes faster than cold water.

23. §1. Hypothesis: A metal bat can hit a baseball further than a wooden bat. l How does the type of bat affect how far the baseball travels? §2. Hypothesis: The higher the ramp, the further the marble will travel. l How does the height of the ramp affect how far the marble will travel? Write a problem for each hypothesis.

24. §There are three types of variables: §dependent variable (1) §independent variable (1) §controlled variables (5 or more) 4

25. §Independent variable - is the condition in your experiment that is being changed or made different. §Example: length of the Bugs- o-copter’s ears Problem: How does the length of the Bugs-o- copter’s ears affect how fast it travels?

26. §Dependent variable - (DV) is the condition in your experiment that is being measured for your result. §Example: the time it takes the Bugs-o-copter to reach the ground

27. Dependent variables (measure) §temperature §capacity §volume §weight §time §area §mass §circumference §perimeter §length §height §width §distance §speed

28. §are the conditions in your experiment that must be kept the same so that your study is fair and correct.

29. §Problem: How does the length of the Bugs-o-copter’s ears affect how fast it travels to the ground? §Controlled Variables: l same way of measuring l same placement of the paperclip l same type of paper l same length/mass of paperclip l same number of paperclips l same placement of paperclip on Bugs-o-copter l same way the ears are folded l same way you hold the Bugs-o-copter l same height dropped from l same testing environment l same way of dropping it

30. §Materials: are the things you need for your study and are written in a detailed manner. HState the exact quantity of each item. HState the exact size of each specific item. HState the exact type of each material. 5

31.  Water  Pots  Seeds  Dirt  Measuring tools 1 Liter of bottled water 3, square 6 inch clay pots 3 large Sunflower seeds 1, 3 pound bag of Scotts fertilized soil 1, 12 inch metal ruler 1, 50 mL graduated cylinder Poor Materials List Super Materials List Problem: How does the depth of a seed affect the height of a plant?

32. Problem: How does the size of the Bugs-o- copter’s ears affect how fast it takes to reach the ground? §Materials: §1, 10.3 cm long-eared Bugs-o-copter made out of cardstock §1, 5.3 cm short-eared Bugs-o-copter made out of cardstock §1 hand-held stopwatch §2, 5 cm metal paperclips

33. §Procedure: Clearly state the steps you will be taking in your study in complete, detailed sentences. 6

34. §T§The procedure is a series of STEPS that... lalare numbered and written in sequential order lblbegin with a verb lalare written in proper sentences lalare complete and accurate luluse exact measurements luluse diagrams when needed luluse the word “repeat” as a step to make the procedure more concise.

35. Neutral BaseAcids

36. Procedure 1.Put on lab coats and goggles for safety. Never take them off while you are in the lab. 2.Label each plastic cup with the name of the substance. 3.Get 1 plastic pipette for the cup of red cabbage indicator solution. 4.Pour 25 mL of each type of liquid into the correctly labeled cup. 5.Squeeze 1 full pipette of indicator solution into the vinegar cup slowly. 6.Swirl the cup slowly so that the two solutions mix together. 7.Record the color of the new solution in your table. 8.Repeat steps 5-7 for all of the other substances. 9.Place the cups in order from the pH level of base to acid. 10.Clean up all of the materials.

37. §Results for Acid vs. Base Experiment: If you look at our chart you can see that the substances are an acid or a base by the color of the liquid. We found that the acids turned the colors of orange to pink to red. Bases turned the substances blue to green. The neutral liquids were purple. There were four acids: vinegar turned pink, lemon and lime juice turned red and orange juice turned a darker orange color. We found out that baking soda was a base. The original color of the powder was white and when we added the red cabbage juice indicator, it became green. The neutral substances were bottled water and distilled water, which turned the liquids purple. As you can see, you can find and use acids and bases in your house on a daily basis.

38. §Quick Glance of an Object l when you look at something very quickly and NOT closely. §Careful Glance of an Object l is a CLOSE observation of an object over an extended period of time.

39. §Are data that you collect while performing the study. (before, during, and after the experiment) Write down everything & anything that you observe. §Visuals: __________, data table, ____________ 7

40. §Diagram §Diagram - labeled, detailed, colorful, neat, that _______________________ or photographs §Data table §Data table - title, clear & easy to read, has independent and dependent variables, labels, write numbers as decimals §Graph §Graph -_________, x & y axis labels, colored bars, correct interval, neat, easy to read, shows a result (average/mean)

41. §Qualitative Observations - are observations using your ________________. §Quantitative Observations - are observations using _____________________.

42. §Color, brightness §taste (if allowed) §smell §shape §touch/feel-texture, type of material §sound §See §cause & effect §mass (grams) §size (length, width, height) §capacity (amt. Of liquid- mL §area §perimeter §volume (V=LxWxH) §temperature §elapsed time §circumference §distance Qualitative Observations Quantitative Observations

43. are the ______________to your problem. It is written in complete sentences in paragraph format with all of the parts. 8