1. Ch. 28.1 & 31.1 Living in E & SE Asia

3. Monday:  Environment Terms due!  Economics quiz Wednesday, 4/29: E & SE Asia Test Next Unit: Australia, Oceania & Antarctica! Reminders!!!

4. Systems of Economics Command Economy Everything controlled by government No private ownership (government owns all businesses, etc.) North Korea, communist nation Market System Based on private ownership—people can own their own businesses Little to no government interference Japan, South Korea, Taiwan (democracies) Mixed System: mix of both Some private ownership, but also government interference China (communist) & Mongolia (democracy) went from command to mixed

5. Agriculture China: communist changes since 1949 Great Leap Forward organized farmers into large farming communities (communes), but gov’t decided which methods to use  famine! Reversed in 1980s (smaller farms, profits) & farming became more productive Most countries: rural-based ag.  urban-based industry

6. Agriculture South Korea  Agriculture force = 12% of population  Most work on small family farms  Farm labor shortage because of movement to urban areas   use of modern machinery, more efficient farming practices North Korea  Agriculture = 25% of economy, 40% of workforce  Organized into cooperatives, or farms jointly operated by households  Government-controlled crop production & distribution  short supply

8. Agriculture Japan & Taiwan  Largely industrialized, but agriculture is still important  Challenges:  Mountainous terrains (4/5 of Japan!)  Income inequality (rural vs. urban workers)  Adaptations  Terracing  Use of modern machinery  Fertilizers  Irrigation  Farmers receive financial support from government

9. Industry Level of Development GoodsChallenges JapanPost-industrialShips, cars, cameras, computers, consumer goods Global eco trouble Lowering industrial prod, higher unemployment S. KoreaPost-industrialShips, steel equipment, motor vehicles Econ. Problems N. KoreaFalls behind competitorsChemicals, heavy machinery, military equipment Forced to trade with non-Communist countries TaiwanFully industrializedTextiles, plastics, electronics Global eco trouble ChinaContinuing to rapidly industrialize Textiles, clothing, footwear, toys, plastics Wealth gap, rise of pollution & unemployment

10. Industry Hong Kong & Macau  Hong Kong to China in 1997 (from British)  Macau to China in 1999 (from Portugal)  Effects:  Both are major industrial & trading centers  wealth to China  China prospers!!  **Both Hong Kong & Macau maintain a market economy** Trading port in Hong Kong

12. Trade Recently: more INTERDEPENDENCE (rely on one another) APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation  Goal: Fair trading among member counties is efficient & fair  Cannot achieve goals because there are still issues among countries  Trade disputes  Political differences (communism vs. democracy, ex.) China  Trade stumbling block: treatment of dissidents, or people who speak out against the government  Harsh treatment of citizens  China improving on human rights

13. Qinghai-Tibet Railway A way to connect Tibet to the rest of China Response  China: it will lessen Tibet’s isolation, boost economy  Tibet: it will draw more Chinese to Tibet and dilute Tibet’s culture

15. Communications: Comparison North Korea & China: Communist!! Governments control communications, news media, and citizens’ access to the internet In short…control & censorship! Japan, South Korea & Taiwan: democracies Free press! Most own radios, TVs & telephones Wide variety of information available (via newspapers, magazines & books)

16. Southeast Asia

17. Agriculture Rice = major crop in Southeast Asia  Good climate (warm & wet)+ fertile soil + H2O from irrigation + stored H2O = multiple crops each year! Done by hand because many people here do not have machinery  Use knives, called “sickles” Fertile river valleys & plains = source of livelihood. GOOD FOR CROPS!

18. Agriculture Subsistence Farming (small-scale) Farming just enough for family, maybe a village—not for export or profit! In this region…  Veggies  Pigs  Poultry  Cassava (edible root) Cash Crops (large-scale) Farming (or extracting natural resources) with profits/exporting in mind In this region…  Rubber  Coconuts  Coffee  Palm oil  Spices

19. Resources: Forestry & “Black Gold” Forestry (logging, etc.) is a major industry in SE Asia  Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia & Philippines depend on lumber for their economy Natural resources abundant, especially OIL  Malaysia: petroleum & natural gas reserves  Brunei: High GDP because of crude oil, natural gas, and petroleum products; accounts for 95% exports!  Indonesia: largest producer of petroleum  Was a part of OPEC until 2008  Islands developing because of building pipelines, which carry oil from drilling sites to the coasts for shipping (export = $$)

20. Industry Others: not so much….why??  Wars in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia  Political changes in Laos, Vietnam & Cambodia; instability in Indonesia  Physical location: Laos is landlocked & must use agriculture— hard to industrialize  Economic isolation in Myanmar  slow economic growth  Rapid population growth in Vietnam  Lack of skills/skilled workers in Indonesia & Cambodia Most countries in Southeast Asia are going from being agricultural to fully industrialized

21. Interdependence: Most countries rely on each other ADB: Asian Development Bank Goal: support agriculture, transportation, and industrial development projects Provides international loans to the economies of Asian member countries ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations Goals:  Promote economic growth  Encourage cultural exchanges among member countries Provides cooperation for countries formerly @ odds (there is no full-on economic or political unity, though!)

22. Strait of Malacca: shipping port! This “choke point” (strategic location) allows Singapore to prosper as a “free port”  Place where goods can be unloaded, stored, and reshipped free of import duties Most shipping between Europe & East Asia passes through here—near Singapore!

23. Communication services Rural areas are improving because of satellites This newspaper is one of the few available in Cambodia TV & radio are controlled by the government in many urban centers, but are abundant (and free of government!!) in Singapore, Brunei & the Philippines