1. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Lecture Basic Chemistry Fourth Edition Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons Learning Goal Write the symbols for the simple ions of the representative elements.

2. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Compounds Ionic bonds are formed when the valence electrons of a metal are transferred to atoms of nonmetals. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms of nonmetals share their valence electrons.

3. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Ionic and Molecular Compounds

4. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Formula and Names of Some Common Ions

5. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Select the correct answer for aluminum. A.The electron change to obtain an octet is _____. (1) loss of 3 e − (2) gain of 3 e − (3) gain of 5 e − B. The charge of the aluminum ion is _____. (1) 3− (2) 5−(3) 3 + C. The symbol for the aluminum ion is _____. (1) Al 3+ (2) Al 3– (3) Al +

6. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Select the correct answer for aluminum. A.The electron change to obtain an octet is _____. (1) loss of 3 e − B.The charge of the aluminum ion is _____. (3) 3 + C.The symbol for the aluminum ion is _____. (1) Al 3+

7. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Lecture Basic Chemistry Fourth Edition Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.2 Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds Learning Goal Using charge balance, write the correct formula for an ionic compound.

8. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chemical Formulas of Ionic Compounds The sum of the ionic charges is always zero.

9. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Writing Ionic Formulas from Ionic Charges To write the formula of a compound that contains Na + and S 2− metal ions are written first, followed by an ion from a nonmetal two Na + ions needed for charge balance are represented using a subscript in the formula the subscript for the nonmetal S 2− is 1 (it is understood and not written in the formula)

10. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Select the correct formula for each of the following ionic compounds: A.Li + and O 2− (1) LiO(2) Li 2 O(3) LiO 2 B.Al 3+ and Cl − (1) AlCl 3 (2) AlCl(3) Al 3 Cl C.Mg 2+ and N 3− (1) MgN(2) Mg 2 N 3 (3) Mg 3 N 2

11. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Select the correct formula for each of the following ionic compounds: A.Li + and O 2− (2) Li 2 O B.Al 3+ and Cl − (1) AlCl 3 C.Mg 2+ and N 3− (3) Mg 3 N 2

12. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Lecture Basic Chemistry Fourth Edition Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.3 Naming Ionic Compounds Learning Goal Given the formula of an ionic compound, write the correct name; given the name of an ionic compound, write the correct formula.

13. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Naming Ionic Compounds The name of an ionic compound has two components: the name of the metal ion which is written first and is the same as its elemental name the name of the nonmetal ion which is written last by using the first syllable of its element name followed by ide A space separates the name of the metal and nonmetal.

14. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Guide to Naming Ionic Compounds with Metals That Form a Single Ion

15. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Select the correct name for each of the following ionic compounds. A.CaS (1) calcium sulfur (2) calcide sulfur (3) calcium sulfide B.K 2 O (1) dipotassium oxide (2) potassium oxide (3) potassium oxygen

16. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Select the correct name for each of the following ionic compounds. A.CaS(3) calcium sulfide B.K 2 O(2) potassium oxide

17. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Metals with Variable Charges For metals that form two or more different ions, a Roman numeral equal to the ionic charge is written in parentheses after the metal name. For example, Fe 2+ is named iron(II) Fe 3+ is named iron(III) Cu + is named copper(I)

18. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Guide to Naming Compounds with Variable Charge Metals

19. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Naming Compounds with Variable Charge Metals Step 1Determine the charge of the cation from the anion. FormulaFe 2 O 3 ElementsIron (Fe) Oxide (O) GroupsTransition Group 6A (16) Element IonsFe? O 2− Charge Balance 2(Fe?) + 3(2−) = 0, Fe charge is 3+. IonsFe 3+ O 2−

20. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Naming Compounds with Variable Charge Metals Step 2Name the cation by its element name, and use a Roman numeral in parentheses for the charge. Iron(III) Step 3Name the anion by using the first syllable of its element name followed by ide. oxide

21. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Naming Compounds with Variable Charge Metals Step 4Write the name for the cation first and the name for the anion second. Iron(III) oxide

22. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Write the name for each of the following ionic compounds. A.Li 2 S B.SnCl 2 C.Al 2 O 3 D.ZnO

23. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Write the name for each of the following ionic compounds. A.Li 2 S lithium sulfide B.SnCl 2 tin(II) chloride C.Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide D.ZnO zinc oxide

24. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Lecture Basic Chemistry Fourth Edition Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.4 Polyatomic Ions Learning Goal Write the name and formula for an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion.

25. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Polyatomic Ions A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms with an overall ionic charge. NH 4 + ammoniumOH − hydroxide NO 3 − nitrateNO 2 − nitrite CO 3 2− carbonatePO 4 3− phosphate HCO 3 − hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate)

26. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Guide to Writing Formulas with Polyatomic Ions

27. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate.

28. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate. Step 1Identify the cation and polyatomic ion (anion). Cation Polyatomic Ion (anion) Al 3+ HCO 3 −

29. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate. Step 2 Balance the charges.

30. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Write the formula for aluminum bicarbonate. Step 3Write the formula, cation first, using the subscripts from the charge balance. Al 3+ + 3 HCO 3 −  Al(HCO 3 ) 3 Aluminum + 3 Bicarbonate ions Aluminum bicarbonate

31. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Guide to Naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

32. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Name the following ionic compounds. A. Na 3 P B. CuSO 4 C. Cr(ClO) 3

33. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Name the following ionic compounds. A. Na 3 P B. CuSO 4 C. Cr(ClO) 3

34. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Lecture Basic Chemistry Fourth Edition Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.5 Molecular Compounds: Sharing Electrons Learning Goal Given the formula of a molecular compound, write its correct name; given the name of a molecular compound, write its formula.

35. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Electron-Dot Formulas, Molecular Compounds

36. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Names and Formulas, Molecular Compounds

37. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Guide to Naming Molecular Compounds

38. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Name the compound NCl 3.

39. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Name the compound NCl 3. Step 1Name the first nonmetal by its elemental name. In NCl 3, the first nonmetal (N) is nitrogen. Step 2Name the second nonmetal by using the first syllable of its element name followed by ide. The second nonmetal (Cl) is chloride.

40. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Name the compound NCl 3. Step 3Add prefixes to indicate the number of atoms (subscripts). Because there is one nitrogen atom, no prefix is needed. The subscript 3 for the Cl atoms is written as the prefix tri. The name of NCl 3 is nitrogen trichloride.

41. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Writing Formulas from the Names of Molecular Compounds

42. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Write the formula for the molecular compound, diboron trioxide.

43. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Write the formula for the molecular compound, diboron trioxide. Step 1Write the symbols in the order of the elements in the name. B O Step 2Write any prefixes as subscripts. B 2 O 3

44. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Name each of the following ionic or molecular compounds. A.BF 3 B.OCl 2 C.Al 2 O 3 D.Ni 3 PO 4

45. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Name each of the following ionic or molecular compounds. A.BF 3 boron trifluoride B.OCl 2 oxygen dichloride C.Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide D.Ni 3 PO 4 nickel(I) phosphate