1. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid UNIT 5: Chapter 12

2. Explain how the genetic code is contained within DNA.
AIM:
Explain how the genetic code is contained within DNA.

3. Organizational Level of Genetics
Nucleosome
Chromosome
DNA
double
helix
Define these terms:
Histones-
Nucleosome-
Coils
Supercoils
Histones

4. Interesting Facts About DNA
DNA is used to solve many historical mysteries
One single cell contains two meters of DNA.
If you unraveled all your chromosomes from all of your cells and laid out the DNA end to end, the strands would stretch from the Earth to the Moon about 6,000 times.

5. http://www. indiana. edu/~ensiweb/connections/genetics/dna. mes
(DNA nitrogenous base message)
(DNA animation)
(genetics library)

6. What is the function (job) of DNA?
Passed down to us from our parents.
DNA stores the CODE for directing the construction of proteins within a cell. These proteins determine the phenotype of an organism.
Recall, DNA is a nucleic acid—A MACROMOLECULE.

7. DNA Structure DNA is a double helix (spiral) that resembles a ladder.
<>
DNA is a double helix (spiral) that resembles a ladder.
DNA is made up of 3 things:
Phosphate
Deoxyribose (sugar, yes, sugar)
Nitrogenous Bases

8. DNA structure Nucleotide Nucleotide Hydrogen bonds
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Key
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

9. Remember DNA is like an Oreo Phophates + sugars = cookie
Bases = cream filling

10. How is the DNA code read? BASE PAIRING RULE:
There are 4 nitrogenous bases (molecules):
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
DNA bases are complimentary
BASE PAIRING RULE:
__________________________
(A) (T)
ADENINE THYMINE
(C) (G)
CYTOSINE GUANINE

11. DNA Youtube Video

12. 2 Groups of Bases Purines Pyrimidines Phosphate group Deoxyribose
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Phosphate group
Deoxyribose

13. MODE 1:
Find the complementary base sequence for the following DNA strand:
Strand 1:
Strand 2: ACTTTACTTTACCGGGGG
Strand 1: CGTGTGGAAATCGGTTGA
Strand 2:

14. Remember DNA is like an Oreo Phophates + sugars = cookies
Bases = cream filling

15. Why are some people better at sports than others?
Gene called ACE

16. Who has healthier DNA, one is exercises of a couch potato?
Check out the video.

17. Figure 10–4 The Cell Cycle Section 10-2 G1 phase M phase S phase

18. DISEASES Can be caused by 2 things:
The environment that surrounds you.
Your genes.
(vytorin commercial)

19. How do scientists locate genes on DNA? Why is this important?
Locating Genes
Section 14-3
Gene Sequence
Promoter
Start signal
Gene
Stop signal
Scientists can locate genes by looking at DNA base sequence. Identification
Of gene location is important for benefits of medicine and curing diseases.

20. Examples of Genetic Diseases
Pg. 345 in Prentice Hall hardcover/online

21. DNA Technology
Forensic identification is an example of the application of DNA technology.
There is great potential for the development of useful products through genetic engineering (e.g., human growth hormone, insulin, and resistant fruits and vegetables).
Eugenics, a pseudo-science of selective procreation, was a movement throughout the twentieth century, worldwide as well as in Virginia, that demonstrated a misuse of the principles of heredity.
The Human Genome Project is a collaborative effort to map the entire gene sequence of organisms. This information will be useful in detection, prevention, and treatment of many genetic diseases.
PCR, electrophoresis, cloning are also examples.

22. Chapter Review (DNA) What is the function of DNA?
What does DNA need to be copied (replicated)? What phase of the cell cycle does a cell make more DNA? (G1, S, G2 or M phase)
How is the DNA code read?
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?
What are 3 components of DNA?