1. Employment and income NHDR workshop:Training on statistical indicators emmanuel.boudard@undp.org May 2003

2. Employment 1.Classic concepts of employment: Labor force – population employed or actively looking for employment 2.Unemployed – looking for employment 3.Source: Labor force survey or registered unemployment Slide 2

3. Income 1.Important distinction between agricultural and non-agricultural sector 2.Very important indicator but few information. How to find information? Slide 3

4. But Unemployment is not always meaningful (HDR 2002, p.144) because 1.most countries lack relief programme, leaving people to engage in informal sector, 2.a large share of people are self- employed: agriculture… ILO prefers to talk about underemployment for which data is being gathered Slide 4

5. Underemployment Definition: A partial lack of work, low employment income and underutilization of skills, or low productivity.

6. Employment in HDR and the MDGs 1.Present table for OECD countries with: unemployment by gender, for youths and long-term unemployment 2.Present also economically active population 3.MDG present youth unemployment (15-24) by gender and percentage of women in non- agricultural wage employment Slide 5

7. Larger concepts 1.Information on informal economy or shadow economy is needed in order to complete the picture. ILO 2002. Women and men in the informal economy: A statistical picture. Employment sector publication. 2.Underemployment 3.Measuring decent work, see Anker et al. 2002, Measuring decent work with statistical indicators, working papers ILO. Slide 6

8. Decent work Opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security, and human dignity Slide 7