1. Exam Unit G325 - 50% of A2 - 2 hour exam - 100 marks - (50/50) Section A: Theoretical Evaluation of Production Section B: Contemporary Media Issues (Online Age) Exam Unit G325 - 50% of A2 - 2 hour exam - 100 marks - (50/50) Section A: Theoretical Evaluation of Production Section B: Contemporary Media Issues (Online Age) G325 Section B: Media in the Online Age Today’s targets: Reflect on your own patterns of consumption Consider the changes in the music industry Music Lesson 1

2. What does this image tell us about the consumption of music across the world and how this has changed?

3. Your experience Complete the questionnaire reflecting on the ways in which you personally consume music.

4. The class Now interview every other member of the class using the same questions. Record your findings in the form of graphs/tables on the back of your questionnaire.

5. Through what media do we consume music? Key: CDs Downloading Streaming Other Our consumption How much music do we download per month on average? Individual tracks: Albums:

6. Never Once or twice a year Twice+ a year Once a month Once a fortnight Once a week How often do we buy CDs? The Class Our consumption What do our habits tell us about the way music is consumed by the populace? How then could we have predicted the inevitable fall of companies like HMV?

7. HMV case study Where did it all go wrong? Link to clipLink to clip

8. HMV case study Link to main article: read together then discuss Link Then in groups, use your scanners to read another article. Then REDUCE the key points and feedback to the group. Article 1 Article 2Article 3 Article 4

9. Now let’s explore a brief history of music in the online age You will now all receive a separate slide containing some key information. You must read this and then complete your section of the consensus placemat to sum up the key points. Then take turns to share ideas and write what you deem as the most important points in the middle. If time, we will do a travelling heads exercise so that you can share your ideas with other groups.

10. Digital music sales now generate around $2 billion (1.3 billion of this is itunes) in revenue yearly, with tracks available through 500 online services located in 40 countries, representing around 10 percent of the total global music market (figures from 2011). Around the world in 2006, an estimated five billion songs, equating to 38,000 years in music, were swapped on peer-to-peer websites, while 509 million were purchased online. CD sales have dropped 48.9% since 2000. In 2008, 123m physical albums were sold in the UK, compared with 131m in 2007 and 151m in 2006. At an average price of £7.72, CDs were more than 25% cheaper in 2008 than in 2000. Approximately 2,680 record stores closed in the U.S. between 2005 and early 2009. In the UK, all the national specialist music retailers have collapsed except for HMV. Music in the online age – a brief history

11. First file sharing program dedicated exclusively to music file sharing was Napster, launched in 1999. Napster introduced a revolutionary new idea that was to forever change the way people thought about music: peer to peer file sharing, or P2P. Napster used a centralised structure where indexing and searching was performed on Napster servers. Individual files, however, remained on the hosts' computers and were transferred directly from P2P. In December 1999, the first lawsuits were filed against Napster, including artists such as Metallica and Dr. Dre. Usage peaked in February 2001, with 26.4 million users. In July 2001, Napster (in its P2P form) shut down its network to comply with an injunction. Music in the online age – a brief history

12. Just as the music industry was celebrating success, however, newly designed P2P protocols such as BitTorrent and FastTrack gave rise to ‘second generation’ P2P sites such as LimeWire, The Pirate Bay and Kazaa. Without centralised servers, the way in which these sites allow users to share files have been much harder to control because they practise more technically and legally insidious approaches. As one of the biggest and most high profile, The Pirate Bay was the subject of a joint criminal and civil prosecution in Sweden in 2009. Its four founders were found guilty of copyright infringement, sentenced to serve one year in prison and ordered to pay a fine of 30m Swedish Krona (approx. £2.4 million). The site, however, is still up and running. Music in the online age – a brief history

13. Faced with the threat of piracy posed by digital distribution, the music industry has needed to adapt to technological advances. Apple’s iTunes, launched in 2003, has become the most popular and successful outlet for legal downloading of music, selling over 6 billion songs and accounting for 70% of worldwide online digital music sales. Other market leaders include Amazon MP3, and subscription services such as eMusic and Napster (bought and rebranded by another company after its demise). The UK Official Download Chart was launched on 1 st September 2004, and in January 2005, downloaded tracks outsold physical singles for the first time in UK music history. In April 2005, downloads were included in the UK Singles Chart for the first time. Music in the online age – a brief history

15. We will now hold a brief debate about music in the online age. You will be split in two to argue for and against the current state of affairs and use this placemat to guide your notes

16. Positive changes +Negative changes – How has the music industry changed in the online age? What are the positives and negatives?