1. Imperialism in Africa

3. Imperialism Intense competition for colonies
In 1875 European Nations control 10%
By 1900 European Nations control 90%
How?
New Technology
Medical Knowledge
Maxim Gun

4. Imperialism Europeans competed for land over the entire continent:
French, Italians and British: North Africa
French and Germans: West Africa
Belgians and Germans: Central Africa
Portuguese, Brits and Germans: South Africa
Italians, British, Germans: East Africa
Conflict ensued between these nations

6. Berlin Conference 1885
Conference called to settle land disputes among European nations in Africa.
Called by Bismarck
Worried about being left out of the Scramble
Every Corner of Africa divided up.
Between European nations
No African Groups were invited
Shows feeling of superiority Europeans felt

8. Exploration
European nations send out explorers to find out what was in Africa.
Mungo Park: Scottish, Explored the Niger River
Rene Caillie: from France, 1st to cross the Sahara, searched for Timbuktu
Richard Burton and John Hanning Speke: British, looked for the source of the Nile
David Livingstone: British Doctor; missionary; Explored the interior of Africa, treated ill. Named Victoria Falls

9. MUNGO PARK

13. RENE CAILLIE

16. Entering the city of Timbuktu

20. TIMBUKTU

21. SIR RICHARD BURTON

22. John Hanning Speke

25. Finding Lake Tangayika; Burton being carried; Speke with a cane

27. BURTON’S TOMB in England resembles a desert tent

28. Dr. Livingstone

30. VICTORIA FALLS

31. DR. LIVINGSTONE I PRESUME?

32. CARRYING HIS DEAD BODY OUT OF AFRICA

34. Imperialism
South Africa: Bitter power struggle developed among local African groups, Dutch settlers and British
Zulu: African tribe that migrated into South Africa by early 1800’s. Great leader: Shaka
Boers: Dutch settlers in South Africa. Settled Capetown in Used locals as slaves.
British: won control of Cape Town from Boers in early 1800’s.

35. Great Trek: Boers retreat north to get away from British.
1850’s: Boers set up two independent republics on Zulu land: Orange Free State and the Transvaal.
The two fought for years.
British helped Boers to defeat the Zulu.

36. Imperialism
Shaka Zulu

37. Imperialism The Mfecane:
Mfecane "the Crushing“. Events following the rise to power of Shaka who created a militaristic kingdom. He conquered some tribes and forced other tribes to leave the area, opening the way for European settlement.
Very bloody.

38. Imperialism Discovery of Diamonds and Gold in South Africa
Boer War, 1900: between British and Boers for control of Boer territory and gold/diamonds.
British won.
1908: British create Union of South Africa out of various colonies.
Granted self government
Only whites could vote. Majority of white population: Boers. They controlled government.
Institute Apartheid: separation of races.

39. Imperialism Cecil Rhodes:
British miner looking for gold and diamonds in South Africa
By 1889 he controlled 90% of the world’s diamond output.

41. Africa: Colonization

42. African Decolonization

43. Imperialism Summarization: European nations desired land in Africa
For its resources
The Berlin Conference split up Africa amongst those European nations.
Colonialism and mistreatment of the Africans followed.
Groups like the Zulu fought against further European expansion.