1. Imperialism

3. Paul Kennedy
Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (1987).

4. "Columbia's Easter Bonnet.” Cover of Puck, 6 April 1901.
wikipedia
"Columbia's Easter Bonnet.” Cover of Puck, 6 April 1901.

6. http://www. davidrumsey
“The British Empire throughout the World Exhibited in One View,” from Fullarton's Royal Illustrated Atlas, David Rumsey Historical Map Collection.

8. The Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) tries out Maxim’s gun, 1888.
Henry Morton Stanley, raising his hat at left, meeting David Livingstone at Ujiji (now in Tanzania), New York, Granger Collection.
The Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) tries out Maxim’s gun, 1888.
Wikipedia,

9. wikipedia
The East India Company iron steam ship Nemesis, destroying Chinese war junks in Anson's Bay, 7 January 1841.