1. ANCIENT NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIETIES Chapter 11: Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas

2. Map of Mayas, Aztecs and Incas

3. ANCIENT MAYANS I.Ancient Mayas A) Government: Independent City-States - Rulers: God-kings - Kings who were worshipped as gods - Similar to the Egyptian pharaoahs

4. Government: Mayans -cont: B) Social Structure: Mayan society had a social structure C) Religion: Worshipped many gods -Polytheistic D) Economy: Agriculturally based - Farming E) Communication: Used writing

5. Science & Technology: Mayans -Cont: F) Science and Technology: - Used TWO calendars - Built pyramids - Practiced astronomy II. Ancient Aztecs A) Government: Military empire - Conquered many peoples

6. Mayan Architecture A picture of a Mayan Temple -Most Famous: Tikal, and Chichen-Itza

7. Mayan Writing This is a picture of Mayan glyphs - CALLED A CODEX

8. Aztec Social Structure -cont: B) Social Structure: Had a social structure with slaves at the bottom of society C) Religion: Worshipped many gods - Sacrificed humans to their gods - Quetzalcoatl: The god of corn D) Economy: Agriculturally based - Farming

9. Aztec Communications -cont: E) Communications: Had a system of writing -painted pictures to tell stories - similar to Mayans F) Science and Technology: - Used TWO calendars - Built pyramids and aqueducts

10. Aztec Achievements This is a typical Aztec temple -Found in Teotichuan, Mexico

11. The God Quetzalcoatl The god (Quetzalcoatl) was often depicted as a Feathered serpent

12. The Ancient Inca III. The Ancient Inca A) Government: An empire -Strong central government B) Social Structure: - all citizens were equal - all had to give a MITA to the government - a labor tribute

13. Religion of the Incas C) Religion: - Polytheistic (worshipped many gods) D) Communication: Did not have a system of writing -kept organized records with a QUIPU - a knotted rope

14. Inca Science and Technology E) Science and Technology: - Had an elaborate calendar system - Massive water management system - A system of roads

15. AFRICAN TRADING KINGDOMS Chapter 7 (pgs 211-219) & Chapter 13 (pgs 377 – 381 & 383-388)

16. GHANA, MALI AND SONGHAI WESTERN AFRICA

17. Ghana in 1000

18. Salt Gold Trans-Saharan Trade

19. GHANA III.GHANA A) Began the Gold-Salt Trade: North & WestAfrica A) West Africa-exported GOLD B) North Africa-exported SALT -Salt was valuable for curing meats in the Tropical Wet climate region

20. The Gold-Salt Trade C) The Islamic religion spread on the gold-salt trade From Northern to Western Africa IV. The Empire of Mali A) SUNDIATA: The founder of Mali - took over in a military defeat B) Mansa Musa was the most famous leader of Mali

21. Mali in 1350

22. Mansa Musa -Mansa Musa created new trade routes & gave away so much gold during Hajj that he disrupted the flow of gold in Cairo, Egypt for over 12 years IV. SONGHAI A) SUNNI ALI: King of Songhai A) SUNNI ALI: King of Songhai - ruled from 1464-1494 (about 30 years) years) -a military conqueror

23. Other Rulers: Continued - Captured the city of Timbuktu from Mali

24. Other Rulers - Sunni Ali established universities in conquered cities -ASKIA MUHAMMED: King of Songhai; rejected Islam - put Sunni Ali’s son out of power & replaced him - created an organized government; tax system (like William the Conqueror) - created an organized government; tax system (like William the Conqueror)

25. Songhai in 1500

26. REVIEW OF ISLAM I.The Five Pillars: A)One God – Allah B)Fasting – during Ramadan - holy month C) Charity – alms to the poor D) Hajj – Pilgrimage to Mecca E) Prayer – Five times per day

27. REVIEW OF ISLAM II. The Muslims believe that the DOME OF THE ROCK - Jerusalem Is where Muhammed went up to heaven

28. REVIEW OF ISLAM The Dome of The Rock

29. NUBIA/KUSH, AXUM AND GREAT ZIMBABWE Eastern Africa

30. EASTERN AFRICA V.East African Societies -Before and during the Middle Ages 500-1500 AD A)Nubia: At the same time as Ancient Egypt (REVIEW) -located along the Nile River -Also called Kush/Cush -many times conquered by

31. Ruins of Ancient Nubia These Are remains Of an Anicent Nubian Temple

32. More Anicent Nubia Here is Another Temple- Notice the Egyptian style

33. Nubian Priests Nubians Worshipped Egyptian Gods

34. ANCIENT NUBIA -Cont: Egypt (in war) - in 750 BC they conquered Egypt (under King Pinakhi) -They ruled Egypt over 100years 1. Capital City – Meroe -Established in 500 BC 2. Achievements: Nubian iron was used by Egyptians

35. Nubian and Egypt -Cont: the Nubians gained a lot from Egypt -Cultural Diffusion -They used: a) Egyptian hieroglyphics b) Egyptian gods -In about 350 AD Nubia was conquered by Axum

36. Axum/Aksum B) Axum: Strategic location - defeated Nubia in 350 AD - located on the Red Sea - led Mediterranean trade 1. Traders from Central & Eastern Africa brought goods to Axum to trade - from Africa to Asia & Europe

37. A Christian Civilization -cont: 2.Trade brings Religion: - Because of their trade with Europe and Asia -Christianity spread to Axum - By 1200 AD many Christian Churches were in Axum (called Coptic)

38. Great Zimbabwe C) Great Zimbabwe: “Great Stone Buildings” - known for their impressive architectural ruins 1. Location: Near the Limpopo River 2. Achievements: Improved agriculture, and iron mining

39. Africa Indian Ocean LimpopoRiver ZambeziRiver Great Zimbabwe Map of Great Zimbabwe

40. Great Zimbabwe A great Stone Wall in Zimbabwe

41. Great Zimbabwe A stone Tower in Zimbabwe

42. ANCIENT JAPAN Chapter 10 (pgs 299-305)

43. Japan I. RELIGION. A) Shinto-means the “way of the gods” - Buddhism spread into Japan by Korean travelers - mixed with Shintoism in Japan

44. Japanese Code of Chivalry C) Japanese Code Chivalry 1. Samurai-Local warriors -protected their lord 2. Shogun-Supreme general in the emperor’s army -Read Page: 301