1. Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Hebrew Literature
3000 B.C. – A.D. 500

2. Mesopotamia: History, Arts, and Culture

3. Sumerians 3500 -2350 B.C. First culture Farmers City-states
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4. Akkadians 2350-2000 B.C. First empire Adopted Sumerian culture
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5. Babylonians 2000-1570 B.c. Conquered Mesopotamia
King Hammurabi - Code of Hammurabi
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6. Assyrians 850-612 B.C. Great empire Ruthless in battle Nineveh
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7. Neo-Babylonians 612-539 B.C. Second Babylonian empire Enslaved Jews
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8. Cities , Civilization, and Culture
Tigris and Euphrates
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9. People
Cities
Architecture
Technology
Law
Writing
Math and Science

10. People and Society

11. Upper Class or Aristocracy
Ruling family
Government officials
Military leaders
Priests
Landowners
Wealthy merchants
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12. Common Folk Farmers Artisans
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13. Slaves Bottom social class Lowest tasks Foreigners Poor parents
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14. Women
Opportunities
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15. Egypt: History, Arts, and Culture

16. Old Kingdom 2660-2180 b.c. Upper and Lower King Menes – 1st dynasty
Pyramids – 3rd dynasty
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17. Middle Kingdom 2080-1640 b.c. Thebes Amenemhet I strengthened realm
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18. New Kingdom 1570 – 1075 b.c. Native Egyptians vs. Hyksos
Strongest power
Thutmose III
Ramses II
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19. Life and Afterlife Religious focus on afterlife - paradise
Mummification
Pyramids
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20. People and society

21. Upper Class Ruling family Landowners Government officials Priests
Military leaders
Doctors
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22. Middle class Merchants Workers Could move
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23. Lower class Farm laborers Slaves
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24. Women Upper and middle – close to men
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25. Ancient hebrews

26. Early Hebrews 2000-1200 b.c. Semitic – Hebrews or Jews
Hebrew – cross over
Fertile Crescent
Abraham – father of culture
Isaac
Jacob (Israel) – 12 Tribes of Israel
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27. Exodus 1200-1020 b.c. Migrated to Egypt Moses
Two centuries to establish themselves
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28. Kingdom of Israel 1020-922 B.c. King Saul unifies
King David establishes Jerusalem
King Solomon builds Temple of Solomon
Kingdom is divided
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29. Divided Kingdom 922-539 b.c. Lots of fighting Both parts fall
Jews are exiled
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30. Center of Cultural life
City dwellers
More opportunities
Temple
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31. People and society

32. Most Powerful Tribal patriarchs or fathers Judges Kings
Prophets and priests
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33. Middle Landowners Warriors Merchants and artisans
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34. Least Powerful Herders, farmers, servants, or hired help Slaves
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35. Women Few rights Rare of have any influence outside of the home
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