1. Ch. 6 Section 3 Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course

2. Election of 1800  Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams  Jefferson beat Adams by 8 electoral votes  Aaron Burr, Jefferson’s running mate, received the same # of votes as Jefferson.  House of Rep. was called to break the tie  After 8 days Hamilton persuaded to cast blank votes to give Jefferson a majority of 2 votes  This showed a flaw in the electoral process  Result - Congress passed 25th Amend. which called for electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice president.  Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams  Jefferson beat Adams by 8 electoral votes  Aaron Burr, Jefferson’s running mate, received the same # of votes as Jefferson.  House of Rep. was called to break the tie  After 8 days Hamilton persuaded to cast blank votes to give Jefferson a majority of 2 votes  This showed a flaw in the electoral process  Result - Congress passed 25th Amend. which called for electors to cast separate ballots for president and vice president.

3. The Jefferson Presidency  Jefferson planned to wage a “peaceful revolution”  He believed a simple gov’t was the best idea for the country  His ideas for a simple gov’t:  Shrink the gov’t and cut costs  Reduce size of Army and Navy  Reduce influence of the Bank of the U.S.  Free trade rather than gov’t controlled trade  Jefferson planned to wage a “peaceful revolution”  He believed a simple gov’t was the best idea for the country  His ideas for a simple gov’t:  Shrink the gov’t and cut costs  Reduce size of Army and Navy  Reduce influence of the Bank of the U.S.  Free trade rather than gov’t controlled trade

4. Supreme Court  John Marshall, appointed by John Adams, served as the Chief Justice.  Served 30+ years of decisions that helped strengthen the Supreme Court  Adams pushed through the Judiciary Act of 1801 before leaving office.  Increased # of federal judges by 16  Attempt to help future decisions  These judges were called Midnight Judges b/c they were signed in late on Adam’s last day.  John Marshall, appointed by John Adams, served as the Chief Justice.  Served 30+ years of decisions that helped strengthen the Supreme Court  Adams pushed through the Judiciary Act of 1801 before leaving office.  Increased # of federal judges by 16  Attempt to help future decisions  These judges were called Midnight Judges b/c they were signed in late on Adam’s last day.

5. Marbury vs. Madison  Jefferson said the Midnight judges were invalid  William Marbury, a Midnight judge, sued in one of the most famous court cases Marbury vs. Madison.  John Marshall decided that this provision was unconstitutional.  Judicial Review - ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.  Jefferson said the Midnight judges were invalid  William Marbury, a Midnight judge, sued in one of the most famous court cases Marbury vs. Madison.  John Marshall decided that this provision was unconstitutional.  Judicial Review - ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

6. Westward Expansion  Napoleon Bonaparte of France wanted Spain to return to the Louisiana Territory.  Americans feared this idea  James Monroe and Robert Livingston sent to France to buy portions of the territory  In 1803, Napoleon sold the entire Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for $15 million.  This doubled the size of the United States.  Napoleon Bonaparte of France wanted Spain to return to the Louisiana Territory.  Americans feared this idea  James Monroe and Robert Livingston sent to France to buy portions of the territory  In 1803, Napoleon sold the entire Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for $15 million.  This doubled the size of the United States.

7. Lewis and Clark  Jefferson was eager to explore the new territory as far as the Pacific Coast.  He assigned Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition (50 soldiers and woodsman)  Lewis chose William Clark to assist him  Their assignment:  Collect scientific information about unknown plants/animals  Learn about the Native American tribes  Sacajawea, a Native American woman, served as an interpreter and guide for the trip  Jefferson was eager to explore the new territory as far as the Pacific Coast.  He assigned Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition (50 soldiers and woodsman)  Lewis chose William Clark to assist him  Their assignment:  Collect scientific information about unknown plants/animals  Learn about the Native American tribes  Sacajawea, a Native American woman, served as an interpreter and guide for the trip

8. Jefferson’s Foreign Troubles  Fighting the Barbary War – Countries of North Africa were seizing American Ships and sailors in the Mediterranean Sea. When the country of Tripoli tried to raise the price of protection, Jefferson refused and sent a small American navy blockade.  Reexport Tax – products were brought to America from the West Indies, unloaded and then reloaded onto French Ships and sent as American products.

9. Jefferson’s Troubles Continue  Impressment – the British were taking American sailors from their ships and forcing them to serve in the British navy. Chesapeake was an American warship.  Embargo – Jefferson chose this this strategy instead of going to war.