1. URINARY SYSTEM DISORDERS

2. Cystitis (bladder infection) An inflammation of the urinary bladder An inflammation of the urinary bladder More common in women than men More common in women than men Can be caused by injury, infection, or chemicals Can be caused by injury, infection, or chemicals Symptoms include burning sensation upon urination, painful urination, frequent urination, urgency, low back pain and possibly bed wetting Symptoms include burning sensation upon urination, painful urination, frequent urination, urgency, low back pain and possibly bed wetting Dysuria Dysuria Treated wit antibiotics Treated wit antibiotics

3. Diabetes Insipidus (DI) characterized by excretion of large volumes of urine – polyuria – 5 to 15 L/day of extremely dilute urine Caused by an ADH production disorder – hyposecretion of ADH Patients exhibit extreme thirst (polydipsia)

4. Glomerulonephritis (Bright’s Disease) Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys Caused by bacterial infection Caused by bacterial infection Can result in kidney failure Can result in kidney failure

5. Incontinence Inability to control Inability to control Caused by pregnancy, age, childbirth Caused by pregnancy, age, childbirth Medications, muscle retraining and surgery Medications, muscle retraining and surgery

6. Kidney Stones Also called renal calculi or nephrolithiasis Calculus or crystalline masses present in the pelvis of the kidney composed primarily of hardened minerals May be treated with lithotripsy

7. Renal Failure A decrease or cessation of glomerular filtration (less than 10% of function) A decrease or cessation of glomerular filtration (less than 10% of function) Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute Renal Failure (ARF) – sudden worsening of renal function – may follow a case of hypovolemic shock

8. Renal Failure Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) – progressive, irreversible decline in function – can be caused by chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, congenital polycystic disease

9. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) infection of a part of the urinary system or a abnormally large number of microbes present in the urine infection of a part of the urinary system or a abnormally large number of microbes present in the urine Much more common in females Much more common in females

10. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) Individuals at risk include: Individuals at risk include: – pregnant women - renal disease – hypertension - diabetes Symptoms include burning or painful urination, pubic and back pain, chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, etc. Symptoms include burning or painful urination, pubic and back pain, chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, etc.

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