1. BUILDING PEACE: THROUGH RESPECT & COMMUNITY

2. A typical mediation Hotel room Heated exchange “Shottas” venting about the past Made to face the future

3. TODAY A much changed scene, partisan political differences reduced Dancing in the streets in the December 29 th national election

4. MY AGENDA  Jamaica & the origin of its murder epidemic  The Peace Management Initiative  The Current scene  Inner city Youth Mindset

5. JAMAICA A mix of contradictions Not in our genes Political parties

6. THE FORMATION OF “GARRISONS” Housing just for one party’s followers Copied by the next party Plus guns

7. THE DEEPER DIVISION Class and Race, raced class Upward mobility notwithstanding

8. A FRESH APPROACH The Peace Management Initiative - Civilians - To Reduce Community violence - Dialogue, counseling, development

9. CORNER CREWS Orientation different from that of Criminal Gang Difference in crimes What they wanted What the PMI offered

10. DELINQUENTS Not “criminals” Therefore to be treated differently

11. PMI’s RESULTS Contributed to 15% decline in homicides in first two years Contributed to 42% decline between 2005 & 2009

12. Homicides across 4 police divisions – Kingston Central, East & West, & St Andrew Central, 2005- 2009

13. Homicides in Dunkirk, part of Franklyn Twn in the Kingston East Police Division

14. ANOTHER APPROACH The police approach: community policing and mano dura First step on a ladder Anti-gang legislation

15. A FURTHER PERSPECTIVE Crews and gangs as rooted in COMMUNITIES # A Criminalising process

16. MAY 2010 Incursion into Tivoli Gardens Scores killed in cold blood

17. A BLOW TO GARRISONS ANOTHER ASPECT Impunity lost Decline in murders Exercise of authority: birth of Civil Society Coalition

18. An alternative path Sought by some members of criminal gangs Pointing to the role of circumstances

19. The PMI today Research One-on-one contact Participant files and follow-up

20. YOUTH MIND-SET Aggressive, anti-authority machismo But low self-esteem

21. MIND-SET (cont.) Confused, depressed, pessimistic But longing for & responsive to Respect

22. SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY YOUTH Armed But reachable