1. Introduction to Process Technology
Unit 4
Basic Physics

2. Objectives
TLW understand physical and mechanical systems and related careers: (TEKS 9.A. - 9.D)
Describe application of physical and mechanical systems
Describe career oportunities
Apply design concepts
Identify emerging issues with these systems

3. Today’s Agenda What is Physics? Properties and Structure of Matter
Temperature Transfer
Temperature and Evaporation
Physics Laws
Fluid Flow

4. What is Physics? Physics is the study of force on matter and energy
Matter – something that has mass and volume
Energy – anything that causes matter to change, but does not have properties of matter

5. Why Physics is Important to Proc Techs
Explains the basic principles of the equipment they use on a day-to-day basis. Examples –
Allows them to understand the processes used to convert raw products to end products

6. Why Physics is Important to Proc Techs
Allows them to understand how to troubleshoot the process or to identify a problem and then solve the problem
Allows them to understand how the process affects other processes downstream

7. Conservation of Matter
Matter cannot be created or destroyed; only changed
Matter is considered to be indestructible

8. Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; only changed
Energy is considered to be indestructible

9. States of Energy Potential – energy in a stored state
Kinetic – energy in an active state (energy of motion or velocity)

10. Structure of Matter Atoms – smallest unit of an element
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Molecule – substance comprised of 2 or more atoms

11. Structure of Matter (Continued)
Atomic Number
Atomic Weight

13. Matter and its States
Solids
Liquids
Gases & Vapors
Plasma

14. Extensive Properties of Matter
Mass
Weight
Volume
Length

15. Intensive Properties of Matter
Density
Specific Gravity
Buoyancy
Viscosity

16. Intensive Properties of Matter
Inertia
Force
Pressure

17. Intensive Properties of Matter
Elasticity
Speed / Velocity
Friction

18. Heat Transfer British Thermal Unit (BTU) – English System
Calorie – Metric System

19. Heat Transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation

20. Heat Transfer
Specific Heat
Latent Heat
Sensible Heat
Superheated

21. Temperature and State Changes
Boiling
Evaporation
Melting

22. Boiling Point
The temperature of a liquid when its vapor pressure = the surrounding pressure
Vapor pressure
A measure of a liquid’s volatility and tendency to form a vapor
A function of the physical and chemical properties of the liquid

23. Relationship of Boiling Point/vapor pressure/ surrounding pressure
Liquids w/ High VP – Low BP
Liquids w/ Low VP – High BP
As surrounding Pressure increases, then BP of liquid increases

24. Temperature and State Changes
Condensing
Freezing
Sublimation

25. Temperature Scales Fahrenheit - oF Celsius - oC Kelvin - oK = oC + 273
Rankine - oR = oF + 460

26. Pressure Gauge Measurement
Gauge Pressure (psig) – pressure measured with respect to sea level. Any pressure above atmospheric.
Pressure due to atmosphere = 14.7 PSIA
PSIG = PSIA
Absolute Pressure (psia) = Gauge pressure + atmospheric
PSIG
Vacuum Pressure (psiv) < 14.7

27. Atmospheric pressure – Conversion factors
14.7 psi
760 mm Hg
29.92 in Hg

28. Vapor Pressure – higher bond strength, the lower the vapor pressure
Boiling Point – lower the vapor pressure, higher the boiling point. Increase the pressure, increase the boiling point
Melting Point
Freezing Point

29. To the Textbook Chapter 10 – Basic Physics (pages 130 – 155)
Read pages 130 – 136
Answer questions 1 – 14 on pages

30. Physics Laws Boyle’ Law Charles’ Law Gay-Lussac’s Law
General (Ideal) Gas Law
Dalton’s Law
Bernoulli’s Law

31. NASA Video

32. NASA Video

33. General Gas Law
P1V1 = P2V2
n1T n2T2

34. Why Attention to Pressure is Important
Working with vacuums
Tanker Implodes
Overpressure situation

35. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

36. Bernoulli Principle

37. Bernoulli’s Principle

38. Fluid Flow
Laminar Flow
Turbulent Flow

41. Laminar Flow

42. Turbulent Flow

43. Turbulent flow

44. Factors Affecting Flow
Viscosity
Friction
Obstructions

45. Gas Laws and Flow Principles in Action
Balloon Rockets – Conceptual Physics lab manual pages 55 & 56
Incorporate the 8 Principles of Engineering Design link
Work up preliminary sketches prior to launch
Write up observations and learnings

46. Summary
Chapter 10 – questions 15 – 25 pages 154 & 155
Homework – Worksheets from college manual
Activity – Floating Egg (textbook page 155)