1. NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEOSIDEBY
DR. MARYJANE

2. The base and sugar only forms nucleoside.
INTRODUCTION
Nucleotides are intracellular molecules having a sugar, base and phosphate.
The base and sugar only forms nucleoside.

4. BASES: The nitrogenous bases are either pyrimidines or purines.

5. PYRIMIDINE BASES
They contain pyrimidine ring. There are 3 pyrimidines that enter in the structure of nucleic acid. They include;
Uracil
Thymine
Cytosine.

6. CYTOSINE

7. URACIL

8. THYMINE

9. The pyrimidine bases cytosine and thymine are found in the structure of DNA.
The pyrimidine bases uracil and cytosine are found in the structure of RNA.

10. PURINE BASES
They contain the purine ring and there are 2 purines that enter in the structure of nucleic acid. They include:
Adenine
Guanine

11. ADENINE

12. GUANINE

13. Adenine and guanine are 2 purines which are found in the structure of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid are the end products of adenine and guanine catabolism.

14. HYPOXANTHINE

15. URIC ACID

16. XANTHINE

17. GOUT
Is a disease characterized by an increase of uric acid concentration in plasma. This leads to deposition of uric acid in small joints especially that of:
Big toe causing severe pain
Kidney resulting in kidney stones
Cartilage leading to destruction of cartilage.

19. SUGARS
The sugars in the structure of nucleotides are either β-D-Ribofuranose for RNA or β-D-Deoxyribofuranose for DNA.

20. Nomenclature of different nucleosides and nucleotides
BASE
NUCLEOSIDE
NUCLEOTIDE
ADENINE (A)
ADENOSINE
ADENSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (AMP)
GUANINE (G)
GUANOSINE
GUANOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (GMP)
XANTHINE (X)
XANTHOSINE
XANTHOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (XMP)
HYPOXANTHINE (I)
INOSINE
INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE (IMP)
CYTOSINE (C)
CYTIDINE
CYTIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE (CMP)
URACIL (U)
URIDINE
URIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE (UMP)
THYMINE (T)
THYMIDINE
THYMIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE (TMP)