1. Do Now #3:
Which essay has the more effective argument: Self-Reliance or The American Scholar? Why?

2. Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals?
Logos
Ethos
Pathos

3. Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals?
Types of Logical Appeals (Logos)
Use deductive or inductive reasoning
Allude to history, mythology, literature
Provide testimony
Draw analogies, create metaphors
Provide and classify evidence
Cite authorities
Use facts and research
Argue from precedent

4. Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals?
Types of Emotional Appeals (Pathos)
Use language that involves the senses
Include connotative language
Include a bias or prejudice
Use description
Use figurative language
Include an anecdote
Develop tone, reveal emotions or attitudes

5. Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals?
Types of Ethical Appeals (Ethos)
Make the audience believe the writer is trustworthy
Demonstrate that the writer put in research time
Convince the audience that the writer is reliable and knowledgeable
Show concern about communicating with audience
Present a carefully crafted and edited argument

6. Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals?

7. Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals?
Emerson makes use of aphorisms (Brief, wise observations).
“Books are the best of things, well-used; abused, among the worst.” (The American Scholar)
“A man is a god in ruins.” (Nature)
“Nothing can bring peace but yourself” (Self-Reliance).
What rhetorical appeal do these make?

8. Aim: How effective are Emerson’s rhetorical appeals?