1. Where, Why, and What?

2. Objectives Identify and recognize body planes, positional terms, directional terms and body cavities

3. The Plane Truth Planes are imaginary lines that are used to descriptively divide the body into sections Midsagittal is the plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves Also called the median plane and midline Sagittal is the plane the divides the body into unequal halves

4. The Plane Truth cont… Dorsal- (or frontal) plane that divides the body into back and belly parts Transverse- plane that divides the body into head and tail parts Also called cross-sectional plane

5. Directional Terms Anterior- means front of the body for organs or body parts Front and rear are confusing Posterior- means rear of the body or behind

6. Directional Terms Ventral- refers to the belly or underside of a body Dorsal- refers to the back Cranial- means toward the head Caudal- means toward the tail Rostral- towards the nose Dorsal Ventral Cranial Caudal

7. Directional Terms Medial- towards the midline Lateral- away from the midline Superior- means uppermost, above or toward head Inferior- means lowermost, below or toward tail

8. Directional Terms Proximal- means nearest midline or beginning of a structure Distal- means farthest away from midline or beginning of a structure Superficial- near surface, external Deep- away from midline, internal Palmar- bottom of front foot or hoof Plantar- bottom of back foot or hoof

10. Body Cavities A body cavity is a hole or hollow space within the body that protects internal organs Cranial cavity is in the head Spinal cavity is the spinal column Thoracic cavity is the chest cavity Abdominal cavity is the between the diaphragm and pelvis Pelvic cavity is in the pelvis

11. Movement Adduction- means to move toward the midline Abduction- means to move away from the midline Flexion- means to bend a joint or reduce the angle between two bones Extension- means to straighten a joint or increase the angle Hyperflexion/extension- when a joint is flexed or extended too far

12. Lying Around Recumbent is the medical term for lying down Dorsal recumbency- lying on the back Ventral recumbency- lying on the stomach Lateral recumbency- lying on the side