2. The flag of Turkey: east or west origins? A white crescent moon and a star on a red background. Called Ay Yıldız (« moon star ») or al sancak (« red banner ») in Turkish. Crescent and star, generally regarded as Islamic symbols = true here? Complex origins: used in Asia Minor and by ancient populations in Sumerian and Egyptian states... The star and crescent moon were symbols relating to the Egyptian goddess Isis and also in Babylon and Mesopotamia. Greek Goddess Artemis’ symbol was the crescent too, which could have been appropriated after the capture of Byzantium, then of Constantinople. Byzantium was the first city to use the cescent as an official flag... It proves one thing: the region is a multicultural one.

3. Different perspective views:

4. What limits and constraints for Turkey’s integration? What makes the EU an interesting challenge for Turkey? What is Turkey interested in? What makes Turkey an interesting partner for the EU? What does it grant the EU with?

5. European?

6. Source: Encarta

9. The founder of the secular Republic of Turkey in 1923 Abolished the veiling of women Adoption of the European-style alphabet Economic development towards Europe The western standards… First Turkish women MPs in 1935

10. 8.9 % (6.5% in 2000)‏ 4,4 %10.5%Unemployment rate (2010)‏ 17th47th5thTotal GDP world rank 0.722 (90th)0.786 (56th)‏ 0.893 (20th)HDI $ 18,348$ 11,443 2% $ 36,453GDP per capita PPP (2014) EU GDP strength 76,6 (71 M in 2010) 20,166,6Population (Millions)‏ Turkey 780,500 km² Romania 238,392 km² France 550,000 km²