1. 1 HVACR316 - Piping Copper Tubing and Fittings

2. 2 2 Safety Refrigerant cylinders should be stored and transported in the upright position to keep the pressure relief valve in contact with the vapor space inside the vessel, not the liquid inside the cylinder. continue Refrigerant cylinders should be stored and transported in the upright position to keep the pressure relief valve in contact with the vapor space inside the vessel, not the liquid inside the cylinder. continue

3. 3 Take all precautions to prevent tanks from falling over… - the valve stem may break off, causing the tank to become a projectile Pressure Vessels and Piping (2 of 2)

4. 4 4 Safety Some technicians may apply heat to the refrigerant cylinders while charging a system to keep the pressure from dropping in the cylinder. This is an extremely dangerous practice. It is recommended for the above purpose that the cylinder of refrigerant be set in a container of warm water with the temperature no higher that 90 degrees F.

5. 5 5 Safety If a leak develops and refrigerant is escaping, the best thing to do is stand back and look for a valve with which to shut it off. Do not try to stop it with your hands.

6. 6 6 Safety Oxygen is under a great deal of pressure but should never be used as a pressure source to pressurize lines or systems. If there is oil or oil residue in the system, adding oxygen to pressurize will lead to an explosion.

7. 7 7 Copper Tubing & Fittings No matter what piping material is used in the installation of an air conditioning or refrigeration system, there will be places where the piping arrangement will need to make bends or turns around obstructions or be connected to other system components. continue No matter what piping material is used in the installation of an air conditioning or refrigeration system, there will be places where the piping arrangement will need to make bends or turns around obstructions or be connected to other system components. continue

8. 8 Line Set

9. 9 9 Copper Tubing & Fittings A variety of fittings are available to make these turns and connections possible. It may be necessary to connect a threaded section of piping material to another threaded section of piping or to a section of pipe that is not threaded continue A variety of fittings are available to make these turns and connections possible. It may be necessary to connect a threaded section of piping material to another threaded section of piping or to a section of pipe that is not threaded continue

10. 10 Copper Tubing & Fittings There are a number of fittings that are available in a variety of materials, including copper, black steel, galvanized steel, PVC, and ABS. The most commonly used pipe fittings include the following continue There are a number of fittings that are available in a variety of materials, including copper, black steel, galvanized steel, PVC, and ABS. The most commonly used pipe fittings include the following continue

11. 11 Copper Tubing & Fittings 90 degree elbows – Used to join two sections of the same size pipe at a 90 degree angle. The diameter of the female ends of the fitting is larger than the pipes to accommodate the pipe sections. continue 90 degree elbows – Used to join two sections of the same size pipe at a 90 degree angle. The diameter of the female ends of the fitting is larger than the pipes to accommodate the pipe sections. continue

12. 12 Copper Tubing & Fittings 90 degree reducing elbows – Used to join two sections of different size pipe at a 90 degree angle. 45 degree elbows – Used to join two sections of the same size pipe at 45 degree angle. continue 90 degree reducing elbows – Used to join two sections of different size pipe at a 90 degree angle. 45 degree elbows – Used to join two sections of the same size pipe at 45 degree angle. continue

13. 13 Elbows: 90 degree and 45 degree 90 degree 45 degree

14. 14 Copper Tubing & Fittings 90 degree street elbows – Used to make a 90 degree bend in a piping circuit. One end of the fitting is female to accept a section of piping material, while the other end is the same size as the piping material itself. Commonly referred to as a street fitting continue 90 degree street elbows – Used to make a 90 degree bend in a piping circuit. One end of the fitting is female to accept a section of piping material, while the other end is the same size as the piping material itself. Commonly referred to as a street fitting continue

15. 15 Copper Tubing & Fittings 45 degree street elbows – Used to make a 45 degree bend in a piping circuit. One end of the fitting is female to accept a section of the piping material, while the other end is the same size as the piping material itself. continue 45 degree street elbows – Used to make a 45 degree bend in a piping circuit. One end of the fitting is female to accept a section of the piping material, while the other end is the same size as the piping material itself. continue

16. 16 Street elbows: (90 and 45 degrees) Street 90Street 45

17. 17 Copper Tubing & Fittings Female adapters – In the HVAC industry, the most common female adapter joins a male threaded pipe section to a section of copper pipe or tubing. The female adapter screws onto the male pipe, providing a means by which a copper pipe can be connected to the circuit. continue Female adapters – In the HVAC industry, the most common female adapter joins a male threaded pipe section to a section of copper pipe or tubing. The female adapter screws onto the male pipe, providing a means by which a copper pipe can be connected to the circuit. continue

18. 18 Copper Tubing & Fittings Male adapters – In the HVAC industry, the most common male adapter connects a female threaded fitting to a section of copper pipe or tubing. The male adapter screws into the female thread, providing a means by which a copper pipe can be connected to the circuit. continue Male adapters – In the HVAC industry, the most common male adapter connects a female threaded fitting to a section of copper pipe or tubing. The male adapter screws into the female thread, providing a means by which a copper pipe can be connected to the circuit. continue

19. 19 Threaded adapters: (Male and female) Male adapter Female adapter

20. 20 Copper Tubing & Fittings Unions – Three piece components used to connect two sections of similar pipe that may need to be disconnected in the future. Unions are also commonly used to repair existing piping circuits. continue Unions – Three piece components used to connect two sections of similar pipe that may need to be disconnected in the future. Unions are also commonly used to repair existing piping circuits. continue

21. 21 Unions

22. 22 Copper Tubing & Fittings Couplings – Similar to unions, couplings are used to connect two sections of the same size pipe. The main difference between the two is that couplings permanently join the two sections. Reducing couplings – Used to connect two sections of pipe that are not the same size. continue Couplings – Similar to unions, couplings are used to connect two sections of the same size pipe. The main difference between the two is that couplings permanently join the two sections. Reducing couplings – Used to connect two sections of pipe that are not the same size. continue

23. 23 Couplings: (standard and reducing) Standard Reducer coupling

24. 24 Copper Tubing & Fittings Tees – Used to connect three sections of piping material. The three sections may or may not be the same size

25. 25 Tees: (Standard and reducing) Standard Reducing Tee

26. 26 Copper Tubing & Fittings Caps – Used to terminate a pipe in the circuit. The cap fits over the outside of the fitting. Plugs – Used to terminate a pipe in the circuit. The plug is typically made with a male thread and fits inside a fitting with a female thread. Caps – Used to terminate a pipe in the circuit. The cap fits over the outside of the fitting. Plugs – Used to terminate a pipe in the circuit. The plug is typically made with a male thread and fits inside a fitting with a female thread.

27. 27 Ball valves Sweat ball valveNPT ball valve