1. Teen-aged Mutant Ninja Fruit Fly Lab

2. Objectives The purpose of this activity is for students to demonstrate how the process of meiosis creates daughter cells that differ from the parent cell. The purpose of this activity is for students to demonstrate how the process of meiosis creates daughter cells that differ from the parent cell. Also, students will demonstrate how genes are passed from parents to offspring (their children) Also, students will demonstrate how genes are passed from parents to offspring (their children)

3. The Fruit Fly

4. The fruit fly is a two winged insect that is very common around fruit and vegetables. The fruit fly is a two winged insect that is very common around fruit and vegetables. They are usually brown, with red eyes. They also have black stripes on their abdomen. They are usually brown, with red eyes. They also have black stripes on their abdomen. They are an easy organism to study in biology. They are an easy organism to study in biology.

5. Fruit Fly Genome (Genes) Fruit flies have 4 pairs of chromosomes. Fruit flies have 4 pairs of chromosomes. –X and Y chromosome (male and female) –Chromosome #2- Controls eye development of the fruit fly. –Chromosome #3 controls the color of the fly (brown or black) –Chromosome #4 is very tiny and we will ignore it

6. Supplies In groups of 3 people gather the following supplies: In groups of 3 people gather the following supplies: –4 green pipe cleaners  2 big ones  2 small ones –4 yellow pipe cleaners –4 pink pipe cleaners –4 white beads –4 green beads –4 purple beads –4 blue beads –Colored pencils –Coin

7. Build the genetic material of the cell We will be using these materials to create the fruit fly chromosomes and take them through each stage of meiosis. We will be using these materials to create the fruit fly chromosomes and take them through each stage of meiosis. You will be evaluated on the following: You will be evaluated on the following: Group Participation Individual Accurateness

8. Sex Chromosomes The green pipe cleaners represent the sex chromosomes. They will determine the gender of the offspring. The green pipe cleaners represent the sex chromosomes. They will determine the gender of the offspring. Place one X chromosome and one Y chromosome into the cell. Place one X chromosome and one Y chromosome into the cell. Is this fly a male or female? Is this fly a male or female?

9. Eye development Chromosome #2 controls the development of the eyes. Sometimes there is a mutation (a change to the DNA) and the offspring have no eyes. Chromosome #2 controls the development of the eyes. Sometimes there is a mutation (a change to the DNA) and the offspring have no eyes. The yellow pipe cleaner represents chromosome #2 The yellow pipe cleaner represents chromosome #2 Take 1 yellow pipe cleaner and place in cell. Flip a coin to determine if it will mutate. Take 1 yellow pipe cleaner and place in cell. Flip a coin to determine if it will mutate. –Heads = mutation: Place a white bead on the pipe cleaner. NO EYES –Tails = non mutation: Place a red bead on the pipe cleaner. EYES Repeat the process for a second yellow pipe cleaner. (flip coin again) Repeat the process for a second yellow pipe cleaner. (flip coin again)

10. Color Chromosome #3 represents the color of the fruit fly. Normally, fruit flies are brown. A mutation (change in DNA) may occur to create a black color. Chromosome #3 represents the color of the fruit fly. Normally, fruit flies are brown. A mutation (change in DNA) may occur to create a black color. The pink pipe cleaner represents chromosome #3. The pink pipe cleaner represents chromosome #3. Take 1 pink pipe cleaner and place in cell. Flip a coin to determine if it will mutate. Take 1 pink pipe cleaner and place in cell. Flip a coin to determine if it will mutate. –Heads = mutation: Place a blue bead on the pipe cleaner. Black fly –Tails = non mutation: Place a green bead on the pipe cleaner. Brown Fly Repeat the process for a second pink pipe cleaner. Flip coin again. Repeat the process for a second pink pipe cleaner. Flip coin again.

11. Interphase We now have our complete DNA for the fruit fly (except for the really small chromosome #4 that we are going to ignore) We now have our complete DNA for the fruit fly (except for the really small chromosome #4 that we are going to ignore) This represents the cell at Interphase. This represents the cell at Interphase. 1. What happens at the very end of Interphase? Is our cell haploid or diploid right now? Draw and color your chromosomes on your paper. Draw and color your chromosomes on your paper.

12. DNA Replication Now you need to replicate each of your chromosomes that you just built. Now you need to replicate each of your chromosomes that you just built. These need to be exact copies of the originals, including the same locations of beads. These need to be exact copies of the originals, including the same locations of beads. Attach these together with paperclips. The paperclips represent the centromeres. Attach these together with paperclips. The paperclips represent the centromeres. Draw and color DNA replication. Draw and color DNA replication.

13. Prophase I 2. What happens at Prophase I? Move chromosomes inside of cell to represent prophase I. Move chromosomes inside of cell to represent prophase I. Draw and color chromosomes at prophase I. Draw and color chromosomes at prophase I.

14. Metaphase I Move chromosomes to represent metaphase. Move chromosomes to represent metaphase. Draw and color metaphase. Draw and color metaphase.

15. Anaphase I Move chromosomes to represent anaphase. Move chromosomes to represent anaphase. Draw and color anaphase Draw and color anaphase

16. Telophase I and Prophase II Move chromosomes to represent telophase I and metaphase II. Move chromosomes to represent telophase I and metaphase II. How many cells do we have? Are they haploid or diploid? How many cells do we have? Are they haploid or diploid? Draw and color our 2 cells. Draw and color our 2 cells.

17. Metaphase II Move chromosomes into the metaphase position. Move chromosomes into the metaphase position. Draw and color metaphase. Draw and color metaphase.

18. Anaphase II Move chromosomes into anaphase II position. Move chromosomes into anaphase II position. Draw and color anaphase II. Draw and color anaphase II.

19. Telophase II Move chromosomes into telophase position. Move chromosomes into telophase position. Draw and color telophase. Draw and color telophase.

20. Make a baby fly Take one of your male gametes and cross it with a female gamete from another group. Take one of your male gametes and cross it with a female gamete from another group. Draw your new baby fly Draw your new baby fly (Mutations are recessive, that is, if there is a dominant gene, that will be expressed. (Mutations are recessive, that is, if there is a dominant gene, that will be expressed.

21. Interpretation of Results Answer these questions individually. 1. How many cells are at the end of the process? 2. What are these types of cells called? 3. Are they haploid or diploid? 4. Describe each of the 4 (gamete) cells characteristics based on the genes it inherited.