1. Imperialism

2. Spanish-American War: The Carribean, 1898

3. USS Maine in Havana, 1898

4. William Randolph Hearst newspapers promoted Spanish-American War, 1898

5. Hearst and Pulitzer make war

6. Spanish-American War: The Caribbean, 1898

7. Spanish-American War: The Pacific, 1898

8. Colonel Theodore Roosevelt

9. Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders,” photo

10. Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders,” drawing depicts no black troops

11. Rudyard Kipling’s “The White Man’s Burden” Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child. Take up the White Man's burden! Have done with childish days-- The lightly-proffered laurel, The easy ungrudged praise: Comes now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years, Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers.

12. “The White Man’s Burden,” Judge, 1890s

13. Occupation as an educational project

14. President William McKinley “civilizing” Filipinos

15. Territories acquired in 1898 The Philippines: achieved independence in 1946 Hawaii: traditional territory, admitted as a state in 1959 Guam: “unincorporated” territory, administered by US Navy until 1950 Puerto Rico: “Commonwealth,” US citizenship extended in 1917 but cannot elect US Presidents

16. Mark Twain, the League’s Vice-President in 1901-1910, as a savage, Minneapolis Journal

17. Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League: Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate

18. Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League: Grover Cleveland, former president

19. Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League: Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor

20. Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League: Ida B. Wells-Barnett, anti-lynching reformer and co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, founded in 1909)

21. Co-founders of the Anti-Imperialist League: Jane Addams, founder of the Hull House, co-founder of the NAACP

22. U.S. Presidents, 1877-Present Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877-1881 James Garfield, 1881 Chester Arthur, 1881-1885 Grover Cleveland, 1885-1889 Benjamin Harrison, 1889-1993 Grover Cleveland, 1993-1997 William McKinley, 1897-1901 Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1909 William H. Taft, 1909-1913 Woodrow Wilson, 1913-1921 Warren Harding, 1921-1923 Calvin Coolidge, 1923-1929 Herbert Hoover, 1929-1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933-1945 Harry Truman, 1945-1953 Dwight Eisenhower, 1953-1961 John F. Kennedy, 1961-1963 Lyndon Johnson, 1963-1969 Richard Nixon, 1969-1974 Gerald Ford, 1974-77 Jimmy Carter, 1977-1981 Ronald Reagan, 1981-1989 George H.W. Bush, 1989-1993 William J. Clinton, 1993-2001 George W. Bush, 2001-present