1. The Rise of Islam Unit 3 Chapter 10

2. GPS Standard SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 AD and 1300. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade.

3. Deserts & Trade Routes Arabian Peninsula is a crossroad between Africa, Europe, and Asia Early 600’s, Arabia connected to major ocean and land trade routes Between Byzantine (North), Persian (NW), India (E), China (E), and Africa (S) Silk Road: land & sea routes that led to China

5. Importance of trade routes to Arabian Peninsula Economic Impact new & different goods to area information & ideas from different areas Money and gold being traded Access to land and sea expanded trade and ideas

7. 2 Ways Islamic Nations Encourage Trade Single currency for trade throughout empire Set up banks to exchange money

8. Mecca 570: Muhammad born in Mecca City in western Saudi Arabia caravans stop to worship an ancient shrine called Ka’aba Ka’aba: most sacred site in Islam Originally a house of worship for Abraham and other religions Abraham: Hebrew prophet

12. Muhammad Works in caravan trade as a young man Takes great interest in religion and spends time alone in prayer and meditation Age 40: hears a voice call to him while he meditates in a cave outside Mecca Muslims believe that it was the voice of the angel Gabriel Gabriel calls Muhammad to be his prophet

13. Muhammad 613: Muhammad’s preaching in Mecca meets hostility Preaching against Arab gods Mecca fears trade loss by making the Ka’aba only honor Allah 622: Muhammad forced from Mecca 630: Muhammad and the Muslims return to Mecca Muhammad starts to unify Arabs with Islam

15. Islam Qur’an (Koran): holy book of Muslims Written in Arabic Becomes the language of worshipers and scholars Must expand and spread the faith Leads to conflict with other societies and cultures

16. Spread of Islam & the Crusades Unit 3

17. GPS Standard SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 AD and 1300. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

18. Essential Questions How did conflict among Muslims result in divergent views of their faith?

19. Creation of an Arab Empire Muhammad did not leave a new leader on his death Islamic communities needed strong leader Caliph: successor 1 st 4 caliphs followed Muhammad’s example “Rightly Guided Caliphs”

20. Rightly Guided Caliphs Want to protect & spread Islam Arab armies weaken Byzantine & Persian Empires By mid-600’s, armies had acquired Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia & Egypt

21. The Umayyad's After last of “Rightly Guided Caliphs Umayyad's take over Islamic empire Move Muslim capital from Mecca to Damascus Easier to take over more territory Start of split in Muslim world

23. Split in Islam Most Muslims agree with Umayyad rule Small faction of Muslims begin to resist Resistant Muslims believe the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad Shi’a (Shiites): Iran Muslims who accept Umayyad rule Sunni

24. Seljuk Turks Nomadic people from Central Asia Convert to Islam from Persia Begin to dominate region from Syria and Turkey Turks begin to threaten Byzantine Empire Take control of Jerusalem Byzantine Empire turns to Western Europe for help to resist Muslims

25. Ibn Sina

26. Muslim scholar Develops medicine as field of scientific study Writes medical encyclopedia

27. Ibn Battuta Traveled most of the known world and all of the Muslim world Wrote a book about his travel

28. Background of Crusades Seljuk Turks were pressing into Byzantine lands 1065: Turks seize Jerusalem Murder Christians and Jews Byzantines cannot stop them Jerusalem is holy to all three religions 1093: Byzantine Emperor asks the Pope for help Pope Urban II calls for a holy war

29. Call for Crusade “I exhort you…to strive to expel that wicked race from our Christian lands…Christ commands it. Remission of sins will be granted for those going thither…Let those who are accustomed to wage private war wastefully even against believers go forth against the infidels…Let those who have lived by plundering be soldiers of Christ; let those who formally contended against brothers and relations rightly fight barbarians; let those who were recently hired for a few pieces of silver win their eternal reward” (Pope Urban’s call to arms)

30. 1 st Crusade

31. People Join Crusades Pope promises salvation into heaven if fighter dies freeing Holy Land from non-Christians Adventure & possibility of wealth Land for the poor

32. Crusades European rulers free Jerusalem for a brief time Rise of many religious orders to fight the Muslims By the fourth crusade excitement wains Later crusades involve loss of children, sack of Constantinople, and Reconquista of Spain Inquisition: Ferdinand and Isabella force all Muslims and Jews to convert to Catholic

33. Effects of the Crusades Pope loses power Why didn’t the Christian win? People question their faith Thousands never returned Kings took over the land and became more powerful Nobles power decreased Trade increased Religious intolerance Jews, Christians, and Muslims are mortal enemies Racism, bigotry, intolerance

34. Richard the Lionheart video

35. Religious relations after the Crusade Christians v. Muslims: Mad about Jerusalem, cannot understand how they lost, hatred v. Jews: Mad about Jerusalem, force Jews to convert, see Jews as making money off the conflict Muslims V. Jews: Muslims have to expel them from the Holy land Jews: no homeland, hated in Europe