2. History 282 Jews in Medieval Christendom

3. Settlement Patterns From Mediterranean Lands northwards –Spain –Italy Jews as merchants

4. Traditional Explanations Jews as intermediaries between empires –Pirenne thesis Jews’ shared legal system Ethnicity as an economic advantage

5. Simon Kusnetz

6. The Jews. Their History, Culture and Religion Edited by Louis Finkelstein 3rd edition, 1960; reprinted 1979 DS102.4.F5 1979

7. Minority by Choice Fully Manned Economy Marginalization Concentration High Risk and High Reward

8. Charters Jews as Urbanizing Element Charters are negotiated Rudiger of Speyer 1084 –http://www.history.umd.edu/Faculty/BCooperm an/NewCity/Charters.html power shifts will challenge Jews’ position directed towards frontiers

9. Jews as Moneylenders what are the advantages to Jews? what are the advantages to non-Jewish society? –source of capital –control of “illegal” activity

10. Inevitable Tensions Visigothic Spain - Jews within diverse Christian society Papal Protections (Gregory the Great) Ethnicity focuses social animosity The Limits of religious tolerance Importation of Jew Badge Black Death 1348 -- well poisoning

11. Blood Libel & Magic Ascription of child murder Male, innocent, blood Host desecration Projection of social tensions

12. Ghettoization Origins of the term … and the phenomenon The ghetto as protection The ghetto as inclusive The ghetto as marginalizing

13. Expulsion England 1290 France 1304 + Spain 1492 Survival in German and Italian lands

14. Defining Anti-Semitism modern word based on modern ethnographies and biologies anti-Judaism? religious ideology; social and economic reality kings and popes, priests and peasants -- and burghers

15. H

16. Protestant Reformation

17. Martin Luther d. 1526 Christ was Born a Jew Later hostility

18. Conversos Marranos, New Christians, anusim Racial hostility -- 1455 Inquisition -- not re Jews -- 1478 Portuguese conversion

19. Burning of the Talmud Medieval occurrences Banning in 16th century Reaction to printing?